78. CHU Jun, TONG De*, HONG Yu-Hung, MacLachlan Ian, PAN Xiangxiang. 2024. Shareholding land readjustment led by local government during peri-urbanization: the case of Zhaoqing, China[J]. Planning Theory & Practice. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2024.2339210. 

Abstract: This paper focuses on a new model of land readjustment integrated with shareholding in Zhaoqing, China. It determines whether this innovation reduces transaction costs throughout the land development process. To cope with the uncertainty during rapid urbanization in peripheral areas, shareholding land readjustment provides opportunities for the original landowners to share the long-term sustainable land value increment. This is accomplished through a shareholding platform built by local government and a closely associated state-owned enterprise, with a guarantee of shortterm fixed compensation. Shareholding land readjustment holds great promise in connecting plan implementation with land property exchange issues in the Global South.

77. TONG De, SHEN Yue, TIAN Chuanhao*, WU Chengyu. 2024. Tenure inequality, public facilities and housing prices: Evidence from Shenzhen, China[J]. Transactions in Planning and Urban Research. doi:10.1177/27541223241236749

Abstract: Public facilities capitalization of formal housing has been widely discussed. However, how residents of informal housing value facilities and how they differ from formal housing remain unclear. We employ hedonic model and the gradient boosting decision trees approach to address the gap by identifying the differences between small property rights housing (SPRH) and commercial housing in Shenzhen, China. Empirical modeling results reveal that the capitalization effects of public facilities in SPRH are significantly lower than in commercial housing. SPRH buyers are significantly less willing than those commercial housing buyers to pay for public facilities, and the gap in willingness to pay between these two types of housing buyers is greater for public middle schools with access related to housing tenure than for metro stations and hospitals. After accounting for how the poor public facility provision of SPRH affects capitalization effects, we further find that informal tenure weakens SPRH capitalization effects. These findings help planners and policymakers better understand the housing market so they can take reasonable initiatives to make urban public facilities more accessible and urban housing systems more affordable, further improving the sustainability of urban areas.

76. GONG Yue*, CAO Zhiqiang, TONG De*. 2024. Social ties and talent migration: Considering the intentions of migrants to permanently settle in Chinese cities[J]. Applied Geography. 165: 103227.

Abstract: As the knowledge economy has characterized this era, the intentions of skilled migrants to settle have drawn increasing scholarly attention. In the literature, the role of economic incentives, urban amenities, and political factors has usually been considered to drive talent migration, but little attention has been given to its social driver. Through a quantitative study of domestic migrants in Chinese cities, this study examines the role of social ties in talent migration. The findings show that skilled migrants’ various social ties in destination cities can significantly increase their intention to settle permanently and that among these social ties, kinship has the greatest impact, even surpassing the impact on low-skilled migrants’ settlement intentions. We argue that Chinese social-cultural norms have a long history and their path-dependent influence may explain the importance of social ties to talent migration. This paper identifies the social driver of talent migration, explains the significance of social ties in retaining talent, and describes important policy implications.

75. WANG Dan, JIN Meihan, TONG De, CHANG Xin, GONG Yongxi*, Yu Liu. 2024. Evaluating the bikeability of urban streets using dockless shared bike trajectory data[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society. 101: 105181.

Abstract:Cycling, recognized as a sustainable and convenient mode of urban transportation, provides a solution to traffic congestion and last-mile connectivity. Despite its benefits, current urban planning often neglects cycling infrastructure, leading to inadequate support for the diverse cycling behaviors observed in many cities. To enhance the cycling environment, assessing bikeability at the urban street level is essential, involving the identification of relevant indicators and their associated weights. Traditional methods for determining these indicators and weights often rely on expert or resident opinions through surveys or various questionnaire-based techniques, lacking validation of their impact on cycling behavior. In response, we proposed a comprehensive framework to link the bikeability evaluation model with regression model of built environment on cycling behavior based on dockless shared bike trajectory data considering both demand and supply factors. The framework utilizes the regression model to derived indicators and their weights to build a four-fold bikeability evaluation model incorporating cycling demand, shared bike supply, bikeability, and behavior. An empirical study conducted in Longgang, Shenzhen, China demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The findings indicate its superiority over existing methods, providing a more reasonable and insightful approach to support the planning and construction of cycling systems in urban areas.

74. 仝德, 任一帆, 邱君丽*, 沈月, 李汉廷. 2024. 深圳城中村私宅租金与统租改造选址的空间交互影响[J]. 地理研究. 43(01):136-148.

摘要：城中村是中国大城市普遍存在的居住空间类型。近年来，随着大拆大建的改造模式备受诟病，以统租改造为手段的综合整治行动迅速兴起，但其空间效应仍较少被检视。本文以深圳为研究区，构建空间联立方程，探究城中村私宅租金和统租改造选址的空间交互影响。结果表明：① 城中村发生统租改造，会带动本村未改造私宅租金上涨，产生一定程度的绅士化效应。② 在控制其他变量的前提下，私宅租金相对较高的城中村更易发生统租改造。③ 统租改造具有空间溢出效应，通过租金传导机制带动邻村发生统租改造，促进绅士化效应在邻村扩散。因此，在健康可支付住房短缺的大城市，建议地方政府科学规划城中村私宅统租改造的选址，引导城中村统租改造为不同类型、不同价格梯度的租赁住房，建立租金监管机制，积极介入当前以市场为主导的城中村统租改造行为，更加稳妥地推进城中村统租改造。

73. 杨辉宇, 仝德*. 2023. 共同富裕目标下乡村振兴耦合协调发展评价——以广东省为例[J/OL]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版). 1-13[2023-09-20].

摘要：通过构建耦合协调发展视角下的乡村振兴推动共同富裕评价体系，改进耦合协调度与耦合协调影响力测度方法，并以广东省为例，分析各市乡村耦合协调发展的时空分异特征，对乡村振兴耦合协调类型进行分类，进而提出差异化引导策略，以期为共同富裕目标下乡村振兴评价和规划实施提供新的视角和科学支持。

72. TONG De, YANG Shuang, LAI Yani*. 2023. Experimentation-based policymaking for urban regeneration in Shenzhen, China[J]. The China Quarterly. 1–18. 

Abstract: A growing appreciation of the potential benefits of experimentation to tame the complexities of urban transformation has led to an increase in related research activity. Building on a “practice-to-policy” experimentation-based framework, this paper investigates the adaptive policymaking process for urban regeneration in Shenzhen since the 2000s. It finds that “explorative experimentation” is used to identify a general direction in the absence of a clear route for the policy process, while “generative experimentation” is sequentially dedicated to specific issues for the improvement of the entire policy package within a particular reform. We argue that understanding the successive roles or hybrid functions of these two types of experiment adds new insights to the development rationales for Shenzhen’s urban regeneration and provides inspiration for an experimental model of urban governance. Governments and policymakers can benefit from the experimentation-based approach, as presented in the Shenzhen case, to pursue policy innovation embedded in local contexts.

71. 陆进锋, 仝德*, 龙嘉骞, 沈月. 2023. 县域城乡融合发展与宅基地制度改革：理论逻辑及实现路径[J]. 自然资源学报. 38(08): 2135-2147.

摘要：县域是实现城乡融合发展的关键场域，宅基地制度改革是推动县域城乡融合发展的重要抓手。探讨了县域城乡融合发展与宅基地制度改革的内在联系，分析了宅基地制度改革助推县域城乡融合发展的作用机理并提出相应的改革路径，结果表明：（1）县域城乡融合发展的核心是城乡要素自由平等流动、功能深度融合以及权益均等化；明晰农村土地要素的产权结构，促进城乡“人—地—钱”等要素的优化组合是县域城乡融合发展的基本动力。（2）宅基地制度改革能够优化乡村空间，推动乡村产业发展以及城乡文化交流，倒逼乡村治理现代化，助力县域城乡多维度融合发展。（3）在县域城乡融合发展需求下，宅基地制度改革需要明确不同类型县域改革的主攻方向，以提高土地要素市场化配置水平为导向，增强宅基地流动性；以系统思维为指导，统筹联动各项城乡融合政策。

70. GONG Yue, LI Bin*,TONG De, QUE Jinnan, PENG Hui. 2023. Planner-led collaborative governance and the urban form of urban villages in redevelopment: The case of Yangji Village in Guangzhou, China[J]. Cities. 142: 104521.

Abstract: While urban redevelopment has been a global phenomenon for many decades, the redevelopment of urban villages (villages-in-the-city or chengzhongcun) in China has attracted increasing scholarly attention in recent years. However, few studies focus on urban planning forces and their impacts on the redevelopment of urban villages, especially the transformation of open spaces. This paper therefore examines how urban planning transforms the space of urban villages through a case study of Yangji Village in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. The large increase in public spaces related to the transformation of Yangji results from collaborative governance driven by trends in urbanization and the work of urban planners. The latter are empowered by their strategic use of state support, professional knowledge and public interest incentives. However, in the Yangji redevelopment, as a state-hegemonic project, such planner-led collaborative governance remains limited in scope amid the exclusion of migrant tenants from decision-making. Although rarely regarded in the literature as playing a key role in redeveloping urban villages, this paper highlights urban planners as a salient force in the morphology of urban villages. Without challenging the hegemonic substance of urban village redevelopment, planners can coordinate with and occasionally manipulate other stakeholders to legitimate and facilitate negotiation during physical planning. Hence, redeveloped urban forms, rather than stakeholders’ economic profits in short-term redevelopment, may influence urban lives in the long term due to planners’ efforts.

69. TONG De, SHEN Yue, WANG Xiaoguang, SUN Yiyu, MacLachlan Ian, LI Xin*. 2023. From proximity to quality: The capitalization of public facilities into housing prices[J]. Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 113(10): 2435-2455.

Abstract: Housing prices are significantly influenced by the presence of public facilities, such as schools, parks, and transport infrastructure. Whereas existing literature has mainly focused on the proximity of public facilities, this study goes beyond proximity and introduces the concept of quality metrics to evaluate public facilities. By employing the gradient-boosting decision trees approach, we analyze the nonlinear relationships between public facilities and property values in Shenzhen, China. Our study not only quantifies the extent to which the quality of these facilities is capitalized in housing prices, but also examines the interaction effects of quality and proximity on housing prices. Our results reveal that quality variables exhibit a greater relative importance than proximity variables in determining housing prices, and this relationship follows a nonlinear pattern. Furthermore, we investigate the moderating effects of quality on the relationship between proximity and housing prices. We find that the amplifying effects of higher quality are particularly evident in metro stations and public middle schools, whereas the impact of park quality on housing prices is less pronounced. These findings highlight the need to consider both quality and proximity in the supply of public facilities, as they have synergistic effects on housing prices. The nonlinear effects observed in our study can serve as a valuable tool for identifying deficiencies in the supply of public facilities. Additionally, the distinction between proximity and quality, as well as their interaction effects, contributes to our understanding of how the value of public facilities is capitalized in housing markets.

68. TONG De*, SUN Yiyu, TANG Junqing, LUO Zhenying, LU Jinfeng, LIU Xuan. 2023. Modeling the interaction of internal and external systems of rural settlements: The case of Guangdong, China[J]. Land Use Policy. 132: 106830. 

Abstract: A rural settlement is a socio-ecological system (SES) characterized by multiple systemic attributes, including natural, socio-economic, morphological, and locational elements. However, only a few previous studies have quantitatively revealed the complex relationships among subsystems of rural socio-ecological systems (RSES). With a systems-oriented perspective, this study constructed an ontological framework for better understanding the complex inter- and intra-relationships in Chinese rural settlements. A quantitative structural equation modeling method was adopted to explore the interactions of the internal and external subsystems of RSES. Analysis of the RSES in Guangdong Province indicated that: (a) the natural subsystem provided the primary material conditions for forming and developing the rural settlement’s morphological and socio-economic subsystems. The relationship between morphological and socio-economic subsystems was reciprocal, and the positive effect brought by socio-economic development could be the main driving force for the morphological evolution in rural settlements; (b) locational conditions served as bridges between the internal and external systems so that the external system could dramatically change the rural settlement through nearby economic and social activities; and (c) the systemic perspective could be a promising approach to coordinate natural environments, bottom-up rural economic vitality and the planning guidance of the government, promoting the rural revitalization and sustainable development in developing countries.

67. 孙裔煜, 高静, 仝德*, 李贵才. 2023. 基于GTWR的广东省乡村聚落规模时空演变研究[J]. 地理科学. 43(7):1249-1258.

摘要：乡村聚落在聚落体系中具有重要地位，但长期以来缺乏对乡村聚落规模时空演变内在机理的深入研究，导致乡村聚落的规划、建设和管理缺乏有效的理论指导。本研究基于遥感影像获取 1980 年、1995 年、2005 年、2015 年4期广东省乡村聚落空间分布数据，以乡村聚落斑块为单元，使用时空地理加权回归模型，揭示乡村聚落规模演变影响因素的时空差异，总结影响机制的阶段性规律。 研究结论如下：① 广东省乡村聚落规模演变呈现出增加–平稳–减少的趋势，35 a 间总规模略有减少但区域结构性差异明显。珠三角地区乡村聚落演化与全省趋势一致；粤东地区原有乡村聚落不断扩张导致总规模持续上升，但趋势逐渐减弱；粤西北乡村聚落以部分聚落原地扩张和部分聚落日渐收缩并行为主，新增乡村聚落和乡村聚落城市化幅度均不高。② 各影响因素对乡村聚落规模演变的作用力存在明显时空差异，地形条件、路网密度、县域人均 GDP 和基期聚落面积对乡村聚落规模的影响普遍呈现“倒 U 型”趋势，其它自然环境本底、区位可达性、社会经济因素的驱动方向稳定，但影响力随阶段变化。③ 35 a 间广东省经历了城乡分割、城乡冲击和城乡融合3 个发展阶段，各阶段乡村聚落规模演变的动力呈现出显著差别，在城乡分割阶段，乡村聚落发展存在明显的路径依赖；而在城乡冲击阶段，社会经济发展水平高、自然条件优越、交通基础设施建设完备的聚落更易发生城市化；在城乡融合阶段，自然环境本底的影响逐渐减弱，而区位可达性的重要性逐渐凸显。

66. 杨辉宇, 曾达, 李苗苗, 吴雨蔚, 范雪宁, 仝徳*. 2023. 多元流空间视角下粤港澳大湾区城市生态位研究[J/OL]. 地理学报. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/11.1856.P.20230619.1519.002.html

摘要：基于多元有向流矩阵和社会网络分析方法，扩展优化城市生态位内涵和测度方法体系，构建流空间视角下城市群城市生态位研究框架，并以粤港澳大湾区为例深入剖析城市的“态—势”特征，揭示各城市生态位和竞合关系。研究发现：整体势方面，粤港澳大湾区城际要素流的位序—规模分布在就业服务流、经济服务流、知识流和生态服务流层面呈首位型，在信息流层面呈集中型，在综合流和合作流层面分布较为均衡，呈对数正态分布模式；局部势方面，不同要素流中城市种群划分各异，相互交织形成多维“核心—区域核心—边缘”流强度等级结构，其中“港深”“广佛”和“珠澳”的跨市合作最为密切，同时“广佛肇”“深莞惠”和“珠中江”三大内陆城市种群初见苗头；宏观态方面，各城市在城市群落不同要素流中扮演着不同的角色，可分为扩散型、受益型、均衡型、孤立型和中介型5 类，而通过各要素矩阵下的城际优势流分析又可将城市在城市群中的参与模式分为全域型和局部型2 类；微观态方面，粤港澳大湾区内部存在着复杂的伙伴城市与竞争城市关系，共形成11 对互惠型伙伴城市、7 对互补型伙伴城市、42 对强竞争城市和31 对弱竞争城市。本文基于流数据扩展了城市群生态位研究视角，构建了城市群空间结构优化和区域竞合关系改善的新思路，以期为粤港澳大湾区建设世界一流城市群提供有价值的决策依据。

65. TONG De, CHU Jun*, MacLachlan Ian, QIU Junli, SHI Tao. 2023. Modelling the impacts of land finance on urban expansion: Evidence from Chinese cities[J]. Applied Geography. 153: 102896.

Abstract: In this paper, the link between land finance and urban expansion in China is premised on a conceptual framework emphasizing the distinct role played by local regimes of capital accumulation. Using a fixed effect model, a 2SLS model, a spatial panel model, and threshold models, we examine the relationship between land finance and urban expansion based on data from 273 prefectural and provincial Chinese cities in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Land finance drives urban expansion because political and economic incentives motivate powerful local governments to finance land development, and the impacts vary because they are founded on three different local regimes of capital accumulation: industry-led development, investment-led development, and bond-financing capacity. These findings suggest that urban land development policies should be in accord with the stage of capital accumulation and they have implications for the governance of urban growth in other countries of the Global South.

64. 储君, 仝德*, 古恒宇, 曹志强, 潘向向. 2023. 中国城际联系距离衰减的非线性规律: 基于人口流动大数据[J]. 地理科学进展. 42(1): 1-11.

摘要：以人口流动为表征的空间相互作用是热点议题，然而关于其影响因素的非线性机制尚未被充分揭示。论文利用2018年腾讯迁徙大数据，以梯度提升决策树模型改进重力模型，分析距离衰减系数的非线性特征。研究发现：① 城际联系的距离衰减系数呈非线性，偏依赖图曲线存在2个“平台区”(距离衰减系数接近于0)和2个“衰减区”(距离衰减系数约为2.8)，将直线距离替换为路网距离，2018年数据替换为其他年份数据后，结果仍然稳健；② 与基准模型相比，航空、铁路及公路交通下的距离衰减系数非线性特征存在显著差异，春运期间的距离衰减系数基本保持一致。建议根据城际联系距离衰减规律布局都市圈和城市群，优化国土空间发展格局。

63. 易行, 仝德*, 吴雅莹, 沈月, 储君, 吕婷苗. 2023. 基于手机信令数据的深圳市二元居住空间迁居模式研究[J]. 地理研究. 42(01): 137-155.

摘要：迁居是城市空间重构的基础动力，了解其行为机制对改善住房结构、优化空间组织具有重要意义，然而目前针对大城市内部、正规与非正规二元居住空间并存的迁居研究仍较薄弱。本文基于生命历程理论与家庭迁居理论，利用2018年12月至2019年12月的手机信令等多源数据，识别深圳市二元居住空间分布和迁居流样本，从迁居流特征、邻里属性和二元空间类型三方面选取指标开展基于主成分分析的K-means聚类，探究迁居模式、结构特性与形成原因。结果表明：（1）非正规内部、正规与非正规交互、正规内部三层次迁居类型间存在年龄和居住质量递增的趋势，但均呈现通勤导向；（2）二元迁居的主体是短距离迁移，形成了4个大规模迁居网络集群，总体方向表现出郊区化趋势；（3）迁居模式可聚类为社区型、改善型、家庭型、事业型4类，结合二元空间分异影响呈现出8亚类，不同类型迁居群体属性和动因存在显著差别，总体反映出人们在不同生命历程下的迁居过程。最后，文章针对不同迁居模式提出差异化空间治理政策建议。

62. 仝德. 乡村聚落空间演化的规律与机制[M]. 2022. 北京: 科学出版社.

摘要：我国乡村地域存在资源环境约束、区域发展不平衡、人口流失严重等突出问题。党的十九大提出的乡村振兴战略，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重大历史任务。目前，学界有关乡村聚落空间演化的系统研究不足，导致在开展乡村振兴工作时，难以准确把握乡村演化的客观规律。本书重点研究我国乡村聚落演化的内在规律，探索构建具有中国特色的乡村聚落演化分析框架，并以广东省为实证研究对象，分析乡村系统的空间特征、物质空间与社会经济子系统的互馈时空演化机制，以及乡村振兴耦合协调发展路径，为乡村聚落的规划管理提供理论指导与技术支持，服务于国家乡村振兴战略。

本书可以为城乡规划、乡村地理、城市地理、区域治理等研究领域的科研人员、基层乡村空间规划与管理从业者，以及对乡村聚落空间结构与重构分析研究感兴趣的读者提供理论、方法与实践参考，也可供相关专业的硕士博士研究生学习参考。

61. 邱君丽, 储君, 仝德*, 刘一鸣, 潘向向. 2022. 金融化与尺度重组交互作用下城市土地开发的机制——以肇庆新区为例[J]. 城市发展研究. 29(12): 84-91.

摘要：金融化，即金融中介、金融工具及金融制度在城市发展中逐渐强化的过程和现象，正成为城市土地开发的趋势之一。已有研究多关注土地与住房金融化的宏观背景与总体态势，较少从微观尺度细致剖析土地金融化的过程。尺度政治理论尤其关注多层级主体的互动关系，弥补了金融化相关研究偏宏观而微观分析不足的缺点，二者结合能够更为细致地检验金融化的微观过程和机制。首先基于中国城市发展的理论与实证经验，搭建金融化与尺度重组交互作用的分析框架。其次，以城市土地开发过程为研究对象，以肇庆新区为实证案例，具体剖析土地开发的过程与机制。结果表明，经济后发地区地方政府积极利用金融工具为开发活动融资，作为实现城市扩张的重要策略之一，金融化已深刻嵌入到地方城市发展过程并改变城市治理的逻辑。一方面，在政府主导的金融化发展环境下，金融化与尺度重组的交互，在地方尺度有效促进了土地开发进程。另一方面，金融化与尺度重组在土地开发进程中的交互，改变了地方政府的治理逻辑，激发了基层治理活力。研究建议地方政府也应重视由此加重的财政负担与金融风险。

60. 储君, 仝德*, 曹志强, 邱君丽, 潘向向. 2022. 基于腾讯迁徙大数据的中国中心城市识别及网络腹地分析[J]. 地域研究与开发. 41(06): 44-47+61.

摘要：中心城市识别与腹地范围划分对城市体系分析至关重要。利用2018年腾讯迁徙大数据，采用随机加权块模型和相对关联法分析了中心城市及其网络腹地。结果发现：（1）中国城市网络中存在1组中心城市和2组次中心城市，其在整个城市网络中起到支配作用。（2）中心城市的网络腹地以本地邻域城市为主，但部分城市的网络腹地超越了本地邻域范围，网络腹地之间存在交叠，中西部中心城市网络腹地的邻域空间范围比东部中心城市更大。

59. 龙嘉骞, 仝德*, 冯长春. 2022. 基于多源数据的广东省乡村聚落发展格局与类型划分研究[J]. 规划师. (10): 133-138.

摘要：科学认识乡村发展水平、合理划分乡村聚落发展类型有利于揭示乡村发展的地域分异规律，为实施乡村振兴战略提供参考。文章以广东省为例，以乡村聚落斑块为基本单元，基于多源数据分析乡村聚落发展的水平空间格局，从乡村聚落发展水平、产业结构、城乡区位 3 个维度构建了乡村聚落发展类型划分指标体系，并利用SOFM 神经网络进行乡村聚落发展类型划分。研究结果表明，广东省的乡村聚落发展水平总体呈现“东南高、西北低”的差异性格局，高水平乡村聚落集中分布在珠三角地区，粤西、粤北地区的乡村聚落发展水平较低；广东省乡村聚落可划分为偏远低水平农业主导型、远郊较低水平农业主导型、近郊中等水平农工业主导型、城市周边高水平工商业主导型 4 类。针对不同发展类型的乡村聚落，文章结合广东省的实际情况提出了相应的规划策略。

58. LIU Xuan, TONG De*, HUANG Jiangming, ZHENG Wenfeng, KONG Minghui, ZHOU Guohui. 2022. What matters in the e-commerce era? Modelling and mapping shop rents in Guangzhou,China[J]. Land Use Policy. 123: 106430.

Abstract: The rise of e-commerce is changing consumer behaviours and the value of retail space. Tracking the changes of shop rents under the impact of e-commerce and understanding the logic behind those changes is important for urban management. By identifying the factors that reflect the impacts of e-commerce and applying the Pearson correlation coefficient and the LASSO model, this study uses geospatial big data to quantify and evaluate the changing factors that impact shop rents. The result of the rising importance of trade area and neighbourhood services challenges the traditional emphasis on locations for shop rents. Using the random forest regression algorithm, this study also maps the shop rent distribution in Guangzhou, China, and compares the result with the land value distribution in 2015. The scattered and smaller highest-rent centres indicate the decreasing influence of central place logic. The decline of some traditional spots with the highest commercial values and rise of new catering services centres in suburban areas have been observed, suggesting the changing impacts of the agglomerated externalities.

57. LIU Xuan, KONG Minghui, TONG De*, ZENG Xiaoyou, LAI Yani*. 2022. Property rights and adjustment for sustainable development during post-productivist transitions in China[J]. Land Use Policy. 122: 106379.

Abstract: Since the 1990s, the restructuring of the global economic system has ushered in worldwide ‘post-productivist transitions’ (PPTs) and triggered development in rural areas and agricultural adjustments for meeting the requirements of urban populations to consume ‘rurality’. While adaptive development of rural areas has occurred in Western countries, it is hardly possible in China, where strict land conversion controls over rural land exist. In China, an increasing need for construction in rural areas results in the overexploitation of existing built-up land. Taking the fragmented rights of homestead land and collectively operated built-up land into consideration, the deterioration of natural and built environments becomes inevitable and damages the sustainability of PPTs. By investigating two PPT cases in China, this study argues that land conversion controls over collective-owned rural land have stimulated denser, at times illegal, development in villages. The study also contends that fragmented use rights hamper environment-friendly development, possibly ending PPTs, as happened in Xiaozhou Village in Guangzhou. Given the practices in Wanfu Village in Chengdu, policies that end land conversion controls and encourage assembly could partially solve the problem by allowing sustainable rural land development. Preparing space for urban populations in a sustainable way helps avoid the illegal redevelopment of villages and protects the area’s rurality, allowing PPTs to evolve. This study advocates for institutional adjustment when designing a path for developing PPTs.

56. DAI Yueer, TONG De* , CHU Jun. 2022. Involuntary resettlement outcomes following the regeneration of informal communities: The case of Baishizhou urbanizing village in Shenzhen, China[J]. Population, Space and Place. 29(2): 1-14.

Abstract: In recent decades developing nations have witnessed rapid urbanization with a massive inflow of rural migrants into their cities, creating large areas of informal settlements. However, city administrators have begun the regeneration of informal settlements resulting in gentrification and the involuntary resettlement of the informal settlement residents. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on regeneration projects, little is known about the resettlement outcomes of those removed. Therefore, it is essential to explore the spatial effect of urban regeneration and the relocation pathways of the forcibly removed tenants. This study examined the heterogeneity of residential relocation brought about by urban regeneration. With a support vector machine model applied under the proposed classification framework, six relocation patterns were identified in Baishizhou urban regeneration area, in Shenzhen, China. By analysing the variations in changes in housing security, neighbourhood and accessibility, the heterogeneity of relocation pathways revealed the relocation preference of different groups and the vulnerability of the residents. While the urban landscape's aesthetic quality may benefit from regeneration, the quality of life of many of those removed was shown to decrease. The results call for more social inclusion and sustainable urban regeneration, with efficient and targeted policy needing to be designed to protect the housing wellbeing of this vulnerable group.

55. 仝德, 曹志强, 曹广忠*. 2022. 乡-城、城-城流动人口落户意愿的影响因素及其差异[J/OL]. 地理科学. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22.1124.P.20220804.1056.002.html.

摘要：基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据定量比较分析了乡−城和城−城流动人口落户意愿的影响因素及差异。研究发现：① 总体而言，城−城流动人口的落户意愿显著高于乡−城，户籍价值、社会融入对两类流动人口的落户意愿有显著影响，但影响程度在两类人群间存在差异。② 流出地的户籍价值显著阻碍了乡−城流动人口的落户意愿；流入地的户籍价值、经济方面的整合融入对城−城流动人口落户意愿的影响更显著。③ 户籍价值、社会融入对流动人口落户意愿的影响存在城市规模及流动距离分异。④ 产生上述差异的根本原因是不同户籍身份所塑造的价值观念和行为模式等的差异。

54. 韦长传, 仝德*, 袁玉玺, 储君. 2022. 城中村研究热点及区域差异——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析[J]. 地域研究与开发. 41(03): 68-74.

摘要：借助可视化工具CiteSpace，以中英文城中村研究文献的关键词为对象进行知识图谱分析，并对我国东、中、西部地区代表性城市城中村研究热点的差异进行深入挖掘。结果表明：“改造”和“住房”是城中村研究绕不开的主题，此领域研究从早期较为重视形成机制和改造模式分析转向对社区治理、社会融合、城市更新等主题的探讨，而在区域层面又呈现差异化的研究倾向，主要包括以北京为代表的人口疏解目标下流动人口聚居区研究、以上海为代表的城市更新背景下社会融合和绅士化研究、以深圳为代表的城市空间重构下制度创新与社区支持研究、以广州为代表的政府主导下多目标可持续研究以及以武汉和西安为代表的城中村改造模式研究。未来城中村研究应树立空间公平的价值取向，强调多元治理的路径选择，重视定量分析的方法创新。在区域扩展上，中西部快速城市化地区潜在的和显现的城中村值得学界关注。

53. XU Linfeng, LIU Xuan, TONG De*, LIU Zhixin, YIN Lirong, ZHENG Wenfeng. 2022. Forecasting urban land use change based on cellular automata and the PLUS model[J]. Land. 11(5): 652.

Abstract: Nowadays, cities meet numerous sustainable development challenges in facing growing urban populations and expanding urban areas. The monitoring and simulation of land use and land‐cover change have become essential tools for understanding and managing urbanization. This paper interprets and predicts the expansion of seven different land use types in the study area, using the PLUS model, which combines the Land use Expansion Analysis Strategy (LEAS) and the CA model, based on the multi‐class random patch seed (CARS) model. By choosing a variety of driving factors, the PLUS model simulates urban expansion in the metropolitan area of Hangzhou. The accuracy of the simulation, manifested as the kappa coefficient of urban land, increased to more than 84%, and the kappa coefficient of other land use types was more than 90%. To a certain extent, the PLUS model used in this study solves the CA model’s deficiencies in conversion rule mining strategy and landscape dynamic change simulation strategy. The results show that various types of land use changes obtained using this method have a high degree of accuracy and can be used to simulate urban expansion, especially over short periods.

52. ZHU Jieming, TONG De*. 2022. Land reform from below: Institutional change driven by confrontation and negotiation[J]. Journal of Urban Affairs. (Online) https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2062373

Abstract: China’s collective landownership was created by the revolutionary land reform in the early 1950s. Economic reforms since the early 1980s have dismantled the collective farming, but the collective landownership remains unchanged. Nonagricultural economies have manifested collective land rent in the dynamic urbanizing regions. The rural collective vigorously challenges the notion of collective land as a means of production that denies villagers’ claim of land rent. The contest for land rent through confrontation and negotiation with the urban state demonstrates a process of bottom-up informal institutional change. Without certainty, informal institutional change gives rise to substandard built environment that is unsustainable to the high-density urbanization. Formalization to legitimize the informal institutional change comes to minimize land rent dissipation so as to enhance welfare to both the urban state and rural collective. Land reform from below show an evolutionary route of institutional change to the col-lective land.

51. 潘向向, 储君, 仝德*, 邱君丽. 2022. 土地征收成片开发方案与国土空间规划的协调路径研究[J]. 规划师. 38(4): 5-11.

摘要：文章基于推动国土空间规划实施的目标，从内容、过程、结果三个维度对全国各地土地征收成片开发方案技术标准进行了系统梳理与分析，发现土地征收成片开发方案与国土空间规划协调存在关键指标和功能布局尚未清晰界定、实施过程中存在公共利益受损的风险、监督检查制度有待深化三个潜在矛盾，进而提出因地制宜明确关键指标、注重用地布局与空间品质、加强土地征收成片开发方案与国土空间规划的全过程动态衔接、完善收益分配和监督检查机制的土地征收成片开发方案技术标准优化策略。

50. LIANG Jingmin, CHEN Jiayu, TONG De, LI Xin*. 2022. Planning control over rural land transformation in Hong Kong: A remote sensing analysis of spatio-temporal land use change patterns[J]. Land Use Policy. 119: 106159.

Abstract: Urbanization has led to the expansive conversion of farmland to non-agricultural human settlements. Over the past decades, the rural New Territories in Hong Kong have experienced significant land use changes where agricultural land has become sites for industrial operations (known as brownfields in Hong Kong). This includes open storage for industrial recyclables and warehouses for repairs, many being unauthorized development. The existence of these industrial activities initially driven by socio-economic factors has persisted, largely due to absent or loose land use regulations. The Hong Kong government thus has successively incorporated increasingly more rural areas into the city’s zoning ordinance system, but seemingly has generated marginal impact on reducing non-conforming land uses. How has rural land use transformed in response to planning controls like zoning? How have the spatial patterns of different types of brownfields changed over periods with varying land use regulation focuses?

Focusing on rural areas in Hong Kong, this study aimed to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of different operational types of brownfields based on refined land use classification results generated by a support vector machines tool with remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, this study analyzed the impact of zoning regulations on land use activities in terms of the transition flow, spatial concentration level, morphological characteristics, and transition probability of various land use types. The results show that, despite regulatory control over rural land and strengthened enforcement measures, brownfields continue to grow in a decentralized and fragmented fashion. Our findings suggest that exercising police power through zoning has its limitations on curbing unauthorized development; additionally, the Hong Kong government may supplement enforcement measures with alternative planning tools such as land swaps and incentive zoning.

49. TONG De, CHU Jun, HAN Qing, LIU Xuan*. 2022. How land finance drives urban expansion under fiscal pressure: Evidence from Chinese Cities[J]. Land. 11(2): 253.

Abstract: Urban expansion is commonly attributed to market‐oriented forces, while public finance factors connected to government forces, especially land finance, in China’s institutional environment, can provide a more interesting explanation. Using a fixed‐effect threshold model, the relationships of land finance and differing local fiscal pressures to urban expansion in China were explored mathematically and empirically. It was found that land finance positively and significantly influences urban expansion. It was also found that the impact of land finance on urban spatial size varies with fiscal pressure. Results suggested that capital flows in the process of urban expansion should be carefully regulated by local governments.

48. 仝德, 周心灿, 龚咏喜*. 2021. 基于大数据的上海市共享汽车出行模式研究[J]. 地理科学进展. 40(12): 2035-2047.

摘 要：共享汽车是城市交通发展的新潮流，论文基于 2018 年上海市共享汽车运营大数据和城市 POI 数据，研究共享汽车用户出行的空间、时间和频次特征，并对用户开展出行模式的K均值聚类分析，以期挖掘典型出行规律，为共享汽车运营优化提供依据。研究表明：① 工作日与休息日共享汽车使用行为差异显著，工作日共享汽车出行较集中于中心城区的混合功能区，早晚通勤高峰使用量大；休息日共享汽车出行空间布局较分散，使用量更高、平均单次使用时长更短且仅存在傍晚一个使用高峰。②上海市共享汽车出行行为可分为工作日通勤的中高频模式，工作日夜间活动的高频模式，工作日偶尔用车晚餐及返家、偶尔用车远距离通勤和夜间长距离返家的低频模式，休息日日间休闲的高频模式、休息日傍晚离家休闲的中长途低频模式、休息日傍晚在休闲地之间穿梭的远距离低频模式、休息日日间加班的低频模式等 10 种模式。③ 中高频用户主要使用共享汽车实现远距离通勤和周末中长距离休闲活动，空间区域主要集中在中心城区和副中心区域；低频用户使用共享汽车多为夜间、长距离、休息日加班等公共交通难以满足需求、出租车成本过高的情景，空间分布也比较分散。可通过对用户提供差别化用车方案、优化车辆空间调度等方式推进超大城市共享汽车市场发展。

47. 仝 德, 罗圳英, 冯长春*. 2021. 国家级贫困县政策的减贫效应及其空间异质性[J]. 经济地理. 41(11): 176-184.

摘 要：设定国家级贫困县是我国近40年来扶贫工作的重要举措，评估现行扶贫政策的脱贫减贫效应及区域差异性并剖析原因，可对我国实现脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接、缩小城乡差距提供理论和政策参考。文章利用 OLS 和GWR模型，在综合考虑县域空间资源禀赋、社会和经济发展基础等因素的影响下，分析国家级贫困县政策对县域经济的增长作用及其空间差异性和原因。结果表明：设立国家级贫困县的扶贫政策，对县域经济增长具有显著的作用，但影响力存在空间异质性，呈现出从我国西北向东南递减、在部分中部偏东南地区出现抑制作用的圈层结构；土地资源禀赋、社会基础、经济发展基础对县域经济增长也具有显著的空间异质性影响；其成因可由县域间发展阶段差异而导致的主导生产要素不同、市场调控与政策干预力度差异等解释。为有效解决新时期精准扶贫稳定支持、缩小城乡差距，政策制定应兼顾地方经济基础和生产条件，因地制宜实施政策扶持和市场引导相结合的行动机制。

46. HUI Cheng, LAI Yani*, TONG De*. 2021. Decoding the decision-making in the new wave of urban redevelopment in China: A case study of a bottom-up industrial land redevelopment in Shenzhen[J]. Land Use Policy. 111: 105774.

Abstract: Since 2008, the urban redevelopment in China has entered a new era mainly characterised by the new redevelopment model proposed and practised in Guangdong province. In the new wave of urban redevelopment towards a more inclusive type of governance, the roles of various agents or stakeholders in the decision-making processes have changed correspondingly. Building upon Healey and Barrett’s structure and agency approach in the land and property development process, this paper develops an analytical framework specifically to explore the decision-making processes and mechanisms in this urban redevelopment experiment conducted in China. The empirical basis of this paper is a pioneer city in urban redevelopment within Guangdong province, Shenzhen. Through exploring the redevelopment trajectory of a local collective-owned factory, the roles played by different stakeholders at each stage of the redevelopment process are clarified. The conflicts and compromises between land owners and the developer on the distribution proportion of potential profits, and between the district government and the developer on the inclusion and provision of public facilities, have revealed the key decision-making mechanisms of collective-owned industrial land redevelopment in China, which offer valuable insights and experiences for industrial land redevelopment in other cities.

45. 仝德*, 顾春霞. 2021. 城中村综合整治对租客居住满意度的影响研究——以深圳为例[J]. 城市规划. 45(12): 40-47+58.

摘要：城中村综合整治是舍弃大拆大建，融合辅助性设施加建、功能改变、局部拆建等手段的有机更新方式，逐渐成为城市更新的重要类型。本文基于深圳四个城中村的问卷调查数据，利用有序逻辑斯蒂回归，分析综合整治以及不同整治模式对城中村租客居住满意度的影响。回归结果表明：(1)综合整治对整治物业内的租客居住满意度提升作用显著，对整治村内未整治物业的租客居住满意度提升作用有限，对周边未整治城中村没有影响；(2)政府主导综合整治比市场主导带来更大的居住满意度提升；(3)楼宇集中式整治比分散式整治带来更大的居住满意度提升。建议政府加大对整治社区公共配套投入，由点及面地积极拓展综合整治项目，扩大项目正面影响力；同时，综合整治项目规划时应注重整合成片物业，在楼宇物质更新的同时，重视社区品质营造，发挥综合整治的规模效应。

44. 仝德, 孙裔煜, 谢苗苗*. 2021. 基于改进高斯两步移动搜索法的深圳市公园绿地可达性评价[J]. 地理科学进展. 40(07): 1113-1126.

摘要：公园绿地可达性是衡量城市宜居水平的重要指标。针对传统可达性分析多用统计数据开展评估而导致的供需尺度失衡问题，论文以深圳为例，采用公园绿地空间矢量数据和手机信令数据获取供需空间分布，采用高斯两步移动搜索法计算交通小区(TAZ)尺度公园绿地可达性，并结合可达性结果及供需、交通情况聚类，剖析可达性差异化模式及成因。主要结论如下：①通过改进传统可达性计算数据源和高斯两步移动搜索模型，建立城市中微观尺度公园绿地可达性评价及成因研究框架，可更精确地评估优化城市公园绿地可达性；②深圳市公园绿地综合可达性整体水平较高，但存在明显的从中心向外围递减的趋势，社区公园可达性差异与公园绿地供需不匹配是造成各区域可达性差异大的重要原因；③根据K均值聚类分析结果，将深圳市TAZ单元分成低供给低需求低可达性区、中供给低需求中可达性区、高供给高需求中可达性区、高供给低需求高可达性区，各类区域具有差异化的可达性内涵、特征和成因；④公园绿地可达性提升可针对不同分区特征，通过公园布局优化、道路建设和居住区规划布局等差异化方式实现。研究充实了城市公园绿地可达性评价案例，提出的基于手机信令数据和高斯两步移动搜索法的可达性分析方法不仅可应用于城市公园绿地布局与规划，也可为其他地理现象可达性分析提供思路参考。

43. 许萌, 董潇楠, 谢苗苗, 王玉, 仝徳*. 2021. 基于承灾脆弱性与生态系统服务供需匹配的城市空间治理分区[J]. 生态学报. 41(15): 6012-6023.

摘要：城市空间普遍面临抵御灾害能力不足的问题。构建承灾脆弱性视角下的城市生态系统服务供需分析框架对提升国土空间抵御灾害的能力具有重要意义。以珠海市为例，选择与提升区域抵御自然灾害能力高度相关的生态系统服务类型，运用InVEST模型及遥感信息模型评估生态系统服务供给，构建承灾脆弱性评价模型评估需求，利用供需匹配分析识别亟需治理的风险区。研究结果表明：（1）珠海市生态系统服务有高供给高需求、高供给低需求、低供给高需求和低供给低需求4种供需匹配类型，各项服务供需失衡程度为土壤保持服务＞水源涵养服务＞台风灾害防护服务；（2）基于供需匹配类型和主导风险类型划分了四大类风险区高危、中危、低危风险区和安全区面积占比为29.23%、21.70%、33.06%、16.01%，风险区等级与建设用地面积占比之间存在较好的对应关系；（3）根据风险区类别提出了多项风险综合治理区、双项风险复合治理区、主导风险专项治理区3种治理策略分区。生态系统服务供需匹配分析通过识别承灾脆弱性与承灾能力不匹配的热点区域，为区域/城市国土空间治理和增强国土空间抵御灾害的能力提供参考。

42. 储君, 刘一鸣, 林雄斌, 仝德*. 2021. 城市市政基础设施投资与经济发展的空间交互影响[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版). 57(2): 291-298.

摘要：通过空间联立方程模型, 基于 2011 和 2016 年 241 个城市样本数据, 研究城市市政基础设施投资与经济发展的双向互馈及其空间相互作用。结果表明: 1) 考虑内生性后, 基础设施投资的空间滞后项系数显著为正, 地方政府在投资行为上模仿彼此; 2) 基础设施投资与经济发展之间存在双向互促作用。建议加强对基础设施投资的预算管理, 改革晋升绩效考核机制。

41.TONG De, WU Yaying, Maclachlan Ian, ZHU Jieming*. 2021. The role of social capital in the collective-led development of urbanising villages in China: The case of Shenzhen[J]. Urban studies. 58(16): 3335-3353.

摘要：“城中村”是改革时代快速城市化时期出现的一种独特的中国城市形态。农村地区国家治理的缺失将相当大的决策权下放给了农村集体,从传统农村继承的社会资本在农村城市化后可能会保留下来。为了探讨社会资本及其动员在解决农村住区城市化带来的土地使用挑战方面的作用，我们分析了皇岗村作为深圳“集体主导”的自组织城中村的典型例子的增长过程。使用半结构化访谈和大量二手数据进行的定性分析提供了可信的证据,表明通过土地产权界定物业权利不是实现有序发展、安全和卫生的生活条件以及在非正规住区高效使用土地的唯一途径。社会资本(以农村长期熟人之间传递的网络、规范和信任来衡量)在社区发展中发挥着重要作用。村集体可以团结村民，动员他们的社会、文化和物质资本，以弥补正式治理机构和政府提供的社区服务的缺失。这些研究结果的意义在于为管理中国的城中村和其他发展中国家的非正规住区提出了一条新的战略途径。

40. TONG De, YUAN Yuxi, WANG Xiaoguang*. 2020. The coupled relationships between land development and land ownership at China’s urban fringe: A structural equation modeling approach[J]. Land Use Policy. 100: 104925.

Abstract: The rate of land urbanization has grown rapidly in recent decades in China, and a growing body of literature has investigated the driving forces behind it. The dual nature of China’s land ownership system, in which top-down and bottom-up land development form two separate tracks, is frequently cited in these studies. While top-down land development is dominant, bottom-up land development, which has traditionally been overlooked in aca-demic studies, may be equally pivotal for land development in China. This study extends traditional urban economic analyses and demonstrates how land ownership and land development are interconnected in China. This study applies structural equation modeling to data taken from Shenzhen, a city where the two tracks of land development coexist, to estimate the reciprocal relationships between land ownership and land development. The results show that the influence of land ownership on land development is significant and that collective ownership has a positive influence on land development; likewise, land development also influences ownership: land development tends to facilitate the conversion of land from collective to state ownership. The study re-commends more tailored policies and strategies targeted toward improving management of collective-owned lands while simultaneously advancing urban redevelopment.

39. 仝德, 高静, 龚咏喜*. 2020. 城中村对深圳市职住空间融合的影响——基于手机信令数据的研究[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版). 56(6): 1091-1101.

摘要：以深圳为例，基于手机信令数据识别居民通勤距离，通过多元线性回归和空间滞后模型，以交通分析小区（TAZ）为分析单元，从中观层面分析城中村对居民通勤距离的影响机制。结果表明：城中村的存在有利于促进大城市职住空间融合，这与城中村规模大、分布散和租期灵活等因素有关；土地利用混合度高、建成环境多样和可达性高等建成环境因素会在不同程度上降低小区居民平均通勤距离；居住地社会环境好会提升居民平均通勤距离。

38. TONG De, YUAN Yuxi, WANG Xiaoguang*, WU Lingjing. 2020. Spatially varying relationships between land ownership and land development at the urban fringe: A case study of Shenzhen, China[J]. Cities. 105: 102238.

Abstract: The conversion of rural land to urban land, known as land urbanization or urban expansion, often follows two tracks in China: 1) the government becomes the owner of the land through land expropriation and performs primary land development and land transfer; 2) villagers maintain their ownership of the land collectively and convert their non-construction land into construction land by themselves. The dual land ownership system is a unique factor which influences urban expansion in China. However, this influence may be inconsistently distributed over space. Local variations in land use regulations, government controls, and stakeholder participation could all lead to varied relationships between land ownership and land development. This research aims to answer two main questions, 1) whether or not the influence of the dual land ownership system on land development is consistent over space (spatial stationarity), and 2) how such relationships vary over space. Capitalizing on the land parcel data collected in Longhua district in Shenzhen in the years 1996 and 2010, this research utilizes a geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) modelling approach to test and visualize spatial non-stationarity in the relationship between land ownership and land development. The study focuses on Shenzhen, China, because it has experienced extremely rapid urbanization and because of the notable dual land system there. The results demonstrate that land ownership (collectively-owned vs. government-owned) has statistically significant relationships to land development and that such relationships vary over space. There are areas where land ownership profoundly influences land development, whereas in other areas the influences are limited. GWLR proved to be a useful exploratory spatial analysis tool which may lead to new insights on the interconnections between dual land ownership and urbanization.

37. XIE Miaomiao, LI Manyu, LI Zhaoyang, XU Meng, CHEN Yan, WO Ran, TONG De*. 2020. Whom do urban agriculture parks provide landscape services to and how? A case study of Beijing, China[J]. Sustainability. 12(12): 4967.

Abstract: An urban agriculture park (UAP) is a mixture of various kinds of urban agriculture and has a group of administrators to plan and manage its landscapes. Thus, the relationships between users and the ability of the UAPs to provide services are crucial. This study investigated the user profiles of three kinds of UAPs in Beijing, China. Investigation of 345 interviewees suggested that most of the users have an upper-middle level income and are well educated. Social connections vary across different types of UAPs. An assessment matrix of landscape services was introduced for a pioneer of UAP, Little Donkey Farm, based on questionnaires, a field survey, and indicators of landscape patterns. Pearson correlations between service demands and users’ characters showed age, companions, and education level were significantly correlated to the needs of scenery and education services. The landscape with the highest supply value was the vegetable plots planted by members. The scenery service was not adequately supplied, and 31.5% of the areas did not meet the demand. Based on the budgets of supply and demand, six types of landscape should be optimized. This study provides an approach to understand the path of landscape service provision in UAP and supports basic knowledge on how to better involve urban agriculture in sustainable development.

36. 刘涛, 韦长传, 仝德*. 2020. 人力资本、社会支持与流动人口融入——以北京市为例[J]. 人口与发展. 26(2): 11-22.

摘要：作为”首善之区”，北京一直是很多流动人口向往和驻足的地方，也因此成为推进新型城镇化和流动人口市民化压力最大的城市之一。基于2017年北京市流动人口动态监测调查数据，分析了流动人口社会融入水平的整体特征、空间差异和影响因素。研究表明，北京市流动人口的社会融入总体水平不高且存在空间异质性。人力资本积累对流动人口的社会融入具有显著的影响，其中，跨城市流动经历有利于经济和行为融入的积累，而心理和文化维度的融入则依靠本地居留时间的增加。家庭、朋友、社区等层面的社会支持显著提升流动人口总体的社会融入水平。经济收入水平的提高是人力资本和社会支持影响流动人口社会融入的重要路径，但对不同类型人力资本和社会支持及不同维度社会融入的中介效应强度差异较大。

35. TONG De, ZHANG Yu, MacLachlan Ian*, LI Guicai. 2020. Migant housing choices from a social capital perspective: The case of Shenzhen, China[J]. Habitat International. 96: 102082.

Abstract: Rural to urban migrants are the dominant component of population growth in China’s coastal cities. China’s unique household registration system has excluded migrants from most public housing, resulting in pronounced housing segregation –a social phenomenon that has come to be China’s greatest urban social planning challenge. In this paper, we analyze the determinants of migrant housing choices and migrant housing needs following the conventional utility-based approach, but we also emphasize the important role of social capital in migrant decision-making. A case study of Shenzhen shows that quantifiable measures of physical, locational, land use and economic attributes cannot fully explain the congregation of migrants in informal communities and that social capital plays an important role in their housing choices. Social networks, social norms, and trust among neighbors are key factors in the establishment of migrant communities. This study reveals a new aspect of migrant housing needs that will be useful to planners, by paying greater heed to social capital in urban regeneration and migrant housing provision. A more inclusive and humanistic approach to the housing of migrants is suggested.

34. LI Bin, TONG De*, WU Yaying, LI Guicai. 2019. Government-backed ‘laundering of the grey’ in upgrading urban village properties: Ningmeng Apartment Project in Shuiwei Village, Shenzhen, China[J]. Progress in Planning. 146: 100436.

Abstract: Urban informality and informal settlements, as research concepts rooted in the global south, have the potential to reveal the relationship between property improvement, tenure security, uneven distribution of resources and asymmetric power relations embedded in urban studies. Investigations of urban villages in China are also inspired by these ideas. The present study of the Ningmeng Apartment project in Shuiwei Village, Shenzhen, China, aims to contribute to these exciting research fields by (1) offering a new governmental mechanism – government-backed informal formalizing of informality – that can strengthen perceived tenure security; (2) investigating a new approach to regenerating problematic urban villages; and (3) revealing a new social-psychological effect underlying the operation of urban informality: perceived formal informality. These three dimensions can be interpreted as government-backed methods of laundering the grey, ways in which state actors use informal operations to strengthen the perceived tenure security and upgrade the spatial quality of informal properties to achieve governmental goals. Based on these three academic contributions, interactions between rule-breaking innovations and a pre-innovation environment emerge from the examination of the Ningmeng project. Such interactions may reflect the experience of China during its post-1978 reform and may inspire new policy practices in other developing countries.

33. TONG De, WANG Zhenguo, HONG Yu Hung*, LIU Chengming. 2019. Assessing the possibility of charging for public leasehold renewal in China[J]. Land Use Policy. 88: 104205.

Abstract: In countries where public land leasing systems exist, government lessors have faced strong resistance on the part of lessees to charging fees to renew extended-term land leases. Many scholars have argued that this outcome is largely due to politics, i.e., not wanting to alienate constituents. In this paper, we look deeper into this issue guided by an analytical framework, which includes lessees’ perceptions of land property rights, the amount they pay for public leaseholds, and institutional issues related to the implementation and enforcement of lease renewal policies. By applying the framework to Shenzhen, China, we found that lessees recognize that their leasehold rights have a time limit and that they have paid a lower price for leasing land. This awareness on the part of the lessees notwithstanding, the absence of the institutions necessary to facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution could impede the ability of the government to successfully levy lease renewal fees in Shenzhen. The application of the framework shows its utility in helping governments in China and elsewhere to examine lease renewal problems in detail and design relevant solutions to fit varying contexts.

32. JIN Meihan, LIU Lu, TONG De, GONG Yongxi*, LIU Yu. 2019. Evaluating the spatial accessibility and distribution balance of multi-Level medical service facilities[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16(7): 1150.

Abstract: Public medical service facilities are among the most basic needs of the public and are directly related to residents’ health. The balanced development of medical service facilities is of great significance. Public medical service facilities can be divided into different levels according to their medical equipment, service catchment, and medical quality, which is very important but has been ignored for a long time in accessibility evaluations. In this research, based on the hospital and population datasets of Shenzhen, we propose a hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (H2SFCA) method to evaluate the spatial accessibility of public medical resources considering the factors at different levels of medical resources. In the proposed method, the spatial accessibility of each level of public medical service facilities are evaluated using different distance attenuation functions according to the medical service’s scope. In addition, a measurement is proposed to evaluate the equity of medical service facilities based on accessibility and population density distributions. To synthesize the general spatial accessibility and the distribution balance of public medical service facilities, we standardize the spatial accessibility of public medical service facilities at each level and then calculate the weighted sums of the accessibility of each level. The general spatial equity of public medical service facilities is also evaluated. The results show that the accessibility and distribution balance of medical resources performs dissimilarly at the three levels and can be discriminated within different regions of the city. The accessibility of citywide medical facilities in Shenzhen decreases from the city center to the suburban area in a radial pattern and the accessibility and distribution balance in the suburban areas needs improvement.

31. WANG Xiaoguang, TONG De*, GAO Jing, CHENG Yang. 2019. The reshaping of land development density through rail transit: The stories of central areas vs. suburbs in Shenzhen, China[J]. Cities. 89: 35-45.

Abstract：The ways in which urban rail transit influences land development have been extensively studied for cities in the United States and Europe; studies from less-developed countries are limited. However, the influences of rail transit on land development in developing countries such as China have drawn much scholarly attention in recent years, in part due to the unprecedented speed and scale of its urbanization and development of rail systems. The main research questions of the present study are whether rail transit attracts new developments or redevelopment to areas surrounding stations and whether the city-shaping ability of rail transit differs between central areas and suburbs. Our study focused on Shenzhen, one of the most quickly urbanizing areas in China. We utilized land parcel data in Shenzhen collected in two different years and applied multiple linear regressions with interactive terms to compare the effect of rail transit stations on land development by region (i.e., central areas vs. suburbs). The evidence supported our hypothesis that the densifying of land development brought on by rail transit is more prominent in already developed central areas than in low-density suburbs. Our research findings help illuminate the interactive relationships between transportation and land development in China; this study also contributes to the broader discussion of sustainable urbanization.

30. 袁玉玺, 马利, 仝德*, 王艳梅. 2019. 工业用地集约利用的差异化管理分区研究——以海南省沿海12个市县为例[J]. 地域研究与开发. (02): 133-138.

摘要：工业用地集约利用是缓解人地矛盾、改善工业发展质量的重要举措。在综合考虑生态环境、工业基础、市场潜力三方面影响因素的基础上，建立了工业用地集约利用的差异化评价标准和分区管理体系。并以海南省沿海市县为例，通过聚类分析划定了环境脆弱-低基础-中潜力区、环境安全-低基础-高潜力区、环境安全-中基础-中潜力区、环境敏感-高基础-低潜力区四类工业用地集约利用分区类型，并提出差异化管理目标和策略，为因地制宜指导不同地区工业用地集约利用提供依据。

29. TONG De, WANG Xiaoguang*, WU Lingjing, ZHAO Nanqi. 2018. Land ownership and the likelihood of land development at the urban fringe: The case of Shenzhen, China[J]. Habitat International. 73: 43-52.

Abstract: Land development results from a combination of many natural and social drivers. In China, the system of dual land ownership, in which lands are owned either by the state or by a collective, is a unique factor that affects land development, especially during the urbanization process as collective-owned rural land at the urban fringe is rapidly developed for urban uses. This land development process often follows two tracks: 1) Through land expropriation, the government becomes the owner of the land and performs primary land development. 2) Villagers maintain their ownership of the land collectively and convert their undeveloped land into built-up land by themselves rather than having their land expropriated by the government. For collective-owned rural land, the change of land ownership could have important implications for its development process and outcomes. This paper explores the potential relationships between land ownership change and land development at the urban fringe in China. We construct a logistic regression model to determine whether or not land ownership change (i.e., collective-to-state ownership conversion) is correlated with land development. We focus on Shenzhen, China because it has experienced extremely rapid urbanization, and its dual land structure is very notable. We find that in Shenzhen, lands that retained collective ownership are more likely to be developed than those transferred to state ownership, and we offer possible explanations for this finding. Our research will help planners and practitioners better understand the causes, driving forces, and processes of land development in China and contribute to the broader discussion of sustainable urbanization.

28. 张瑜, 仝德*, Ian MacLACHLAN. 2018. 非户籍与户籍人口居住空间分异的多维度解析——以深圳为例[J]. 地理研究. 37(12): 2567-2575.

摘要：在居住空间相异指数基础上，构建了集聚—分散度，中心—边缘度和极化—均质度指数，进一步挖掘由于人口聚居形态，居住区位和居住质量等方面差异导致的居住空间分异的多维内涵，及其所揭示出的社会经济空间现象，成因及空间治理重点。利用全国第六次人口普查数据开展深圳实证研究，在计算全市及各区分维指数的基础上，分析深圳人口居住空间相异指数特征及空间尺度差异，多维居住空间分异格局特征及成因，并通过聚类分析将深圳非户籍与户籍人口居住空间分异类型划分为三类，分类提出空间治理政策建议。从而为深入理解中国大城市日益出现的居住分异现象及机制提供新鲜视角和多样化测度方法，为解决其带来的社会及空间治理问题提供更有针对性的政策建议。

27. 刘成明, 李贵才*, 仝德, 罗罡辉, 刘芳. 2018. 权地分离的集体建设用地入市路径研究——以深圳市非农建设用地入市为例[J]. 城市发展研究. (07): 55-60.

摘要：破解空间与权益结构性矛盾落实国家用途管制及城市规划的刚性需求，提高集体建设用地利用效率是提升新型城，镇化质量的重要保障。以深圳市原特区外集体经济组织合法非农建设用地入市机制为例，在分析其历史来源、管理现状基础上，总结经验教训，并结合新型城镇化的总体需求，提出高度城市化地区构建集体建设用地入市制度的政策建议：确权环节应以权益确定为主，实现权地分离；引入市场机制，建立统一的两级流转平台，尽量扩大市场范围；细化发展权转移规则，引导发展权有序转移，立法层面需尽快将发展权纳入土地权利体系，以完善发展权配套机制。

26. 孙艺玲, 仝德*, 曹超. 2018. 城市建成环境对公共自行车使用的影响机制研究——以深圳市南山区为例[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版). (06): 1325-1331.

摘要：以深圳市南山区363个公共自行车站点的自行车使用频次及周边500 m缓冲区建成环境为研究对象，采用空间滞后模型，在考虑公共自行车站点区位，公共交通设施环境，自行车骑行环境和相邻站点空间自相关的基础上，重点研究反映不同人群集聚的土地利用类型对各站点公共自行车使用频次的影响。结果表明，工作日高峰，周边公交线路数量，周边道路用地面积，支路长度，周边工业建筑面积，低档商服建筑面积和低档住房建筑面积对公共自行车使用频次具有显著正向影响，到最近地铁站距离和绿道长度对公共自行车使用频次具有显著负向影响，站点间公共自行车流量具有高度空间自相关性。建议规划公共自行车站点时应重点关注周边建成环境因素，在布点和定价时充分考虑通勤等规律性需求，并结合人口分布特点，增加低收入人群集聚区的供给量。

25. ZHANG Yong, TONG De*, LIANG Xiongfei. 2018. New perspective on regional inequality: theory and evidence from Guangdong, China[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 144(1): 04018002.

Abstract: China’s open-door policy and rapid urbanization have been accompanied by an unprecedented economic growth rate and an expanding regional inequality problem. Which factors affect the regional inequality? Will it get worse? What policy measures should be taken to offset these adverse effects? Based on the Lorenz curve and a core-periphery (C-P) setting, this research brings up a theoretical model for the regional inequality, using the Gini coefficient as the indicator with respect to the population concentration and the C-P gradient. In theory, given a fixed C-P gradient, the regional inequality generally shows an inverted-U curve along with the population concentration in the core area. This research maintains that a new perspective, based on the relationship between the C-P gradient and the population shift, should be taken to describe the development trend of regional inequality, because there is not a stable inverted-U shape on a time scale nor is there a constant stage of increase or decrease. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the population data from the Pearl River delta, one of the biggest metropolitan areas in China, and its periphery in Guangdong province were sampled to test the theory. Further analysis indicated that a turning point in approximately 2005 did not necessarily mean that Guangdong had passed the phase of expanding regional inequality. Finally, some policy proposals are suggested to mitigate the situation.

24. 伍灵晶, 仝德*, 李贵才. 2017. 地方政府驱动下的城市建成空间特征差异——以广州、东莞为例[J]. 地理研究. 36(06): 1029-1041.

摘要：在转型期的中国，主导城市发展的地方政府主体层级不一，将会导致城市间存在显著的空间特征差异。基于城市竞标地租理论,推导出不同层级地方政府主导下城市建成空间发展的差异化路径。并以在地方政府主体层级上存在差异的广州。东莞为例，运用空间形态测度指数，移动窗口算法和扇形分析，对比研究两市建成空间特征的差异及其原因。实证结果印证了理论推导,即市级政府主导下的城市表现出市区内用地密度高，用地规模由内向外扩张，空间形态内紧外散的空间特征；而各县级(乡镇级)政府主导下的城市表现出各地用地密度，扩张规模相当,城市整体空间形态分散，波动的空间特征。研究成果能够补充现有城市空间重塑机制中对地方政府主体及其行政力强弱驱动作用研究的不足。

23. 仝德*, 韩晴, 戴筱頔, 李贵才. 2017. 基层治理主体对城市建成空间的影响研究——以深圳原特区外为例[J]. 城市发展研究. (07): 109-117.

摘要：城市建成空间研究正在发生政治和制度转向，根植于国家与社会互动关系的城市治理理论，为剖析城市建成空间演变提供了有益视角和分析框架。以深圳原特区外为研究对象，以“治理主体一行动策略—建成空间响应”为分析框架，着力探讨基层治理主体作用力与组合方式对城市建成空间的影响机制。研究结果表明：（1）城市建成空间对不同治理主体作用具有显著的响应机制，“四面开花”是基层治理主体主导下典型的建成空间特征；（2）深圳在快速城市化背景下，由乡镇政府与原农村集体组成的基层治理主体通过对其实际占有的土地实施生产型，破碎化的空间开发策略，推动原特区外建成空间与特区内相比，形成空间权属，空间结构，空间效益和景观格局的二元特征；（3）1979～2010年，深圳原特区外建成空间虽一直受基层治理主体主导，但市级治理主体管治能力和范围不断变化，各治理主体行动策略变迁，博弈过程和组合方式推动城市建成空间形成三阶段特征。

22. 仝德*, 刘婧, 李文钢, 李贵才. 2017. 快速城市化地区农村产业空间发展评价——以广州市为例[J]. 地域研究与开发. (02): 133-138.

摘要：快速城市化地区农村产业发展相对活跃，传统的以第一产业为主研究评价农村产业的方法已经不能完全适用，构建一套适合农村三次产业综合发展的评价体系极其有必要。以广州为例，在建立农村产业用地分类体系的基础上，从产业集聚程度、景观格局和经济发展水平三方面构建农村产业发展综合评价指标体系，通过熵权法确定各指标权重并计算综合得分。研究结果表明：非农产业的发展水平已经成为衡量快速城市化地区农村产业综合发展水平的重要因素，农村产业已经趋于非农化、多元化；在非农产业的作用下，农村产业综合发展水平在空间上呈现出明显的由区域核心向边缘递减的圈层结构，区位作用凸显。

21. 曹祺文, 吴健生, 仝德*, 张晓娜, 卢志强, 司梦林. 2016. 基于空间自相关的区域农地变化驱动力研究——以珠三角地区为例[J]. 资源科学. (04): 714-727.

摘要：近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展，农地保护工作压力逐渐增大，掌握区域农地变化规律及其驱动力是制定可持续土地利用政策的基础。本文以珠三角地区为例，利用2000年和2010年土地利用遥感监测数据、基础地理空间数据和统计年鉴数据，分析了该区农地变化特征，然后在构建传统Logistic模型基础上引入空间自相关因子，采用Auto Logistic模型从自然、社会经济、空间距离和土地利用特征的空间自相关性等方面探讨了区域尺度农地变化驱动力。结果表明：（1）2000-2010年该区耕地、林地等农地以净减少为主，景观破碎度有所提高，耕地成为建设用地扩张的主要来源；（2）农地属性变化和土地开发强度的空间自相关性均为农地变化的重要驱动力，其他驱动力中耕地变化主要受地均GDP变化、到最近铁路的距离、总人口密度变化、年日照时数倾向率等因子影响，林地变化主要受地均GDP变化、总人口密度变化、坡度、到最近道路等因子影响；（3）同传统Logistic模型相比，采用能反映土地利用特征空间自相关性的Auto Logistic模型更适用于区域农地变化驱动力研究。

20. HAO Wenxuan, TONG De*, LIU Qing, FENG Changchun. 2016. Delimitation and classified planning management of functional renovation zone: experience of and discussion on Shenzhen’s practice of urban renewal[J]. China City Planning Review. 25(2): 42-50.

Abstract：Urban renewal is one of the important issues of urban development in China. Along with its development in the contemporary time, China has seen considerable achievements and problems as well in urban renewal.Taking into account that Shenzhen has carried out plenty of explorations on urban planning renewal, this paper takes it as an example to firstly analyze the plights of its urban renewal planning, the shortcomings of its urban renewal projects, and the advantages of functional renovation zones to manifest the necessity of the delimitation and classified planning management of functional renovation zone in urban renewal. It then summarizes the experience of its urban renewal unit planning in terms of the methods of zoning and implementation, and finally discusses the conceptual connotations of functional renovation zone, as well as the logic and characteristics of renovations of its delimitation and classified planning management, in hope of providing other Chinese cities with some references.

19. XIE miaomiao, GAO Yun, Jurgen Breuste, FU Meichen, TONG De*. 2015. Dynamics and temperature regulation function of urban green connectivity[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 141(3): A501448.

Abstract: Connectivity is an important aspect of the landscape pattern on influencing function and services. This paper analyzes the dynamics of urban green connectivity of Shenzhen, China, from years 1986–2010 and examines the temperature regulation function, based on remote sensing and a field survey. The connectivity degree of urban green was classified as core, islet, edge, perforation, bridge, loop, and branch by using the linear spectral mixing method and morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). The results demonstrated that patterns and functions of connectivity categories have changed greatly during urbanization. The increasing areas of edge, branch, and bridge resulted in cooling the environments. It showed that perforation is the best category to keep thermal environments stable by being surrounded with large green areas. By comparing the results of statistics and buffer analysis, islet, edge, bridge, and branch contributed to decreasing temper-ature of nongreen areas in surrounding areas. The findings can improve the understanding of relationship between urban green connectivity and its climate regulation function, and supply the evidence for urban planning and green-corridor planning.

18. 郝文璇, 仝德*, 刘青, 冯长春. 2015. 改造功能区划定与分类规划管理:来自深圳城市更新的经验和探讨[J]. 城市发展研究. 22(10): 42-48.

摘要：城市更新是中国城市发展的重要内容之一。伴随着时代的发展，当前中国的城市更新取得了一些成果，也暴露了一些问题。深圳市在探索城市更新规划方面积累了大量经验,现以深圳市为例，梳理城市更新规划面临的困境以及城市更新项目的缺陷,对比改造功能区的优势，体现出改造功能区划定与分类规划管理在城市更新中的必要性；继而以城市更新单元规划为例，总结其划定与实施的经验；最后介绍改造功能区的概念内涵，探讨其划定与分类规划管理的思路，并介绍其特点，为我国其他城市的更新提供借鉴。

17. 刘涛, 仝德*, 李贵才. 2015. 基于城市功能网络视角的城市联系研究——以珠江三角洲为例[J]. 地理科学. (03): 306-313.

摘要：以城市功能的演进历程为城市联系研究的新视角，构建了城市联系的城市功能网络分析框架。其中，城市功能网络由功能要素，联系通道和作用载体三部分组成，是城市功能在多元，差异和互补的基础上通过有形或无形的联系通道，以实体或虚拟的空间“流”为作用载体形成的城市功能空间网络化结构。基于城市功能网络的概念内涵，以珠江三角洲城市功能网络的演化历程为实例，演示了该地区城市联系的演化历程和空间特征，探索了城市联系的城市功能网络分析视角。

16. 赵楠琦, 仝德*, 李贵才. 2014. 政府收益驱动下城市土地开发结构性差异的理论分析[J]. 城市发展研究. 21(12): 87-91.

摘要：城市土地开发的特征和动力机制在地理学界已建立起相对成熟的理论基础和研究体系，但在中国土地财政背景下，政府作为地方经济发展和土地开发的实际推动者，其在空间开发中的具体行为选择却少有学者进行专门剖析。从竞租理论出发，结合中共十八届三中全会关于建设城乡统一建设用地市场的最新精神，通过对比不同土地管理制度下城市政府在“新城开发”和“城市更新”中的收益情况,进一步揭示城市建设用地扩张的动力机制和“新城开发”快于“城市更新”的结构差异原因，并分析土地管理制度改革对政府空间开发行为的影响。研究表明：在现有的土地管理制度下，政府更有动力进行新城开发而非旧城更新，城市呈现出无限蔓延的趋势；“同权同价”下，城市更新将更有可能取代新城开发，成为主要的城市土地开发方式。

15. TONG De*, LIU Tao, LI Guicai, YU Lei. 2014. Empirical analysis of city contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science. 24: 384-392.

Abstract: In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal condi-tions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to char-acterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government inter-vention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as  the transportation distance instead of the tradi-tional Euclidean distance. We applied this  model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city  contact more accurately and comprehen-sively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it  yielded a higher adjusted R2 value (0.379) than the traditional gravity model result (0.259).  Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development,  the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential fac-tors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.

14. 仝德*, 李文钢, 李贵才. 2014. 国内外非正规住房发展的比较研究[J]. 城市发展研究. (03): 72-77.

摘要：非正规住房是发展中国家在快速城市化进程中普遍存在的城市现象，本文通过综述非正规住房内涵特征，研究进展，梳理国内以城中村为典型的非正规住房发展的四阶段特征，国外以自助型居住区为典型的非正规住房的特征及改造模式，揭示出国内外非正规住房发展在合法性，住区档次，住房供应体系作用等方面的共性，以及在成因，居住主体，建设管理主体等方面的差异。在此基础上，归纳总结国外非正规住房发展及改造对我国的借鉴，包括对非正规住房价值认识以及改造中对外来人口关注等方面。

13. 刘涛, 仝德*, 李贵才. 2014. 空间尺度对城市竞标地租理论的适用性影响分析——以深圳经济特区为例[J]. 经济地理. 34(02): 67-72.

摘要：以深圳建筑普查数据为基础，以GIS空间分析为技术方法，整理得到深圳经济特区城市尺度和组团尺度的建筑平均高度和商业办公，工业仓储和居住等三大类土地利用数据，对比分析空间尺度对城市竞标地租理论的适用性影响。结果表明：组团尺度的土地竞租能力和土地利用强度是符合距离衰减效应的，而城市尺度的地域空间结构相比组团尺度则显得更复杂，体现了空间尺度对竞标地租理论的适用性。

12. 仝德*, 戴筱頔, 李贵才. 2014. 打造全球城市—区域的国际经验与借鉴[J]. 国际城市规划. (02): 83-88.

摘要：全球化竞争导致区域角色比国家更重要。以全球城市及其腹地有机联系形成的全球城市—区域在这一背景下应运而生，并成为较具实力的城市—区域及其他各类城市联盟的发展目标。本文通过分析纽约大都市区、伦敦都市圈和日本首都圈三大全球城市—区域的形成和发展机制，概括出全球城市—区域的四大共性特征：（1）中心城市的高等级性；（2）内部联系的紧密性；（3）所属国家强大综合国力的支撑性；（4）地理区位及软环境条件的优越性。基于此，提出我国要构建全球城市—区域，可在中心城市地位提升、自身经济结构转型、空间组织模式优化、社会保障体系和文化基础建设，以及人居和产业发展空间环境营造等五方面借鉴国际经验。

11. 仝德*, 刘涛, 李贵才. 2013. 外生拉动的城市化困境及出路——以珠江三角洲地区为例[J]. 城市发展研究. 20(6): 80-86.

摘要：区域城市化受外生拉动和内生成长两种驱动力推进，具有相对清晰的发展轨迹：工业化→小城镇化→城市化→大城市化(城市区域化)。而我国城市化速度最快的地区之一珠三角受香港等外生拉力驱动，表现出城市化滞后于工业化，内部需求滞后于外部需求，城市化质量滞后于城市化数量等特征。区域内工业和城市节点发展强于工业化和城市化过程发展，以内生成长力为基础的城市化发展链条并不健全，在城镇向城市发展，城市反哺乡镇等方面的城市化循环链条甚至出现断裂，导致本地区受2008年全球经济危机影响严重，区域发展严重受阻。基于此，提出四方面建议打通珠三角地区内部农村，小城镇，城市，城市区域之间的资源补给通道，从而构建内生成长力和外生拉动力共同作用的珠三角城市化良性运转机制。

10. 罗罡辉, 李贵才*, 仝德. 2013. 土地用途管制调整与权益主体行为研究[J]. 中国土地科学. 27(4): 8-14.

摘要：研究目的：基于财产权的视角，研究土地用途管制决策与土地权益主体行为的互动关系。研究方法：文献资料法，实证法和博弈论。研究结果：土地用途管制的调整影响财产权结构的变化，政府和相关土地权益主体可通过协商互动达成权益平衡。研究结论：土地用途管制决策应开放更多权益主体参与论证，协调发展过程中的矛盾。

9. 赵研然, 仝德*, 李贵才. 2013. 国内外中低收入家庭住房补贴政策比较研究[J]. 国际城市规划. 28(3): 59-63.

摘要：住房保障是社会保障的重要组成部分，备受各级政府关注，基于不同目标的住房补贴政策研究也是学术界经久不衰的热门课题。本文从“砖头补贴”和“人头补贴”两类政策入手，总结欧美发达国家不同时期中低收入家庭住房补贴的目标与成效，认为在住房整体缺乏的状况下，进行“砖头补贴”能够取得良好收益，但是随着住房短缺情况的缓解，应逐步向“人头补贴”转化。中国现行住房补贴政策以“砖头补贴”为主，在目前市场住房供给比较紧缺的情况下，此类补贴能够起到较好效果。然而，根据发达国家经验并考虑政策效率，可逐步弱化对供给方的补贴，增添对需求方的补贴。

8. TONG De*, DENG Jinjie, FENG Changchun. 2012. Characteristics and Causes of the spatial evolution of urban villages: A case study of Shenzhen SpecialEconomic Zone[J]. China City Planning Review. 21(3): 42-49.

Abstract: Studies on the renovation and governance of urban villages have become the interest of human geography since the 1990s. However up to now, there is little literature focusing on the development patterns and dynamic mechanism of the spatial evolution of urban villages based on the theoretical system of urban spatial structure,and there are few scholars doing analyses on the relationship between urban villages and general urban areas in terms of spatial development.In this paper, Shenzhen,the most representative city of China in terms of urban village development,is taken as a case for exploring the characteristics and modes of the spatial evolution of urban villages. With census data of urban village construction in 1999 and 2004 in terms of built-up area, floor area,and construction intensity, the spatial and temporal evolution of the 91 administrative urban villages in the original Shenzhen Special Economic Zone have been analyzed in comparison with that of Shenzhen’s general urban areas. It is indicated that the spatial evolution of urban villages matches with the general rules of the spatial development of general urban areas in three aspects. First, land expansion is the most remarkable mode of spatial evolution in the early stage of development; second, in the period of rapid development, there is the obvious tendency of “distance-decay” in terms of construction intensity accompanied by some anomalous fluctuations at certain points; third, renewal and redevelopment are carried out gradually in the mature stage of development. However, because of historical and institutional restrictions, the spatial evolution of urban villages shows its unique characteristics in the aspects of original spatial distribution and spatial expansion mode in the period of rapid development, etc. The outcomes of this study would help not only enrich the theoretical study on the evolution mode of urban spatial structure, but also strengthen the administration over urban villages, in particular with the suggestions that the spatial evolution of urban villages as a type of urban space should not be the same as that of general urban areas and its unique characteristics should not be ignored; specific rules should be set up to guide the rational spatial evolution of urban villages according to the economic development of the city, as well as the housing demands of various kinds of residents.

7. 邓金杰, 仝德, 李贵才*. 2011. 城中村外来人口的购房意愿研究——以深圳为例[J]. 人文地理. (05): 34-38.

摘要：本文以快速城市化的典型地区深圳作为研究区域，以居住在城中村的外来人口作为研究对象，调查其居住现状以及购房意愿，并分析其购房意愿的影响因素。分析发现，通过影响住房改善需求、未来发展规划、购房能力等，户主年龄、户主学历、住深时间、家庭收入、现住房的租金以及满意度、户主户口以及留深发展意愿对城中村外来人口家庭购房意愿有着显著的影响。

6. 仝德, 冯长春*, 邓金杰. 2011. 城中村空间形态的演化特征及原因——以深圳特区为例[J]. 地理研究. (03): 437-446.

摘要：以城中村发展最具代表性的深圳为研究对象，分析原特区91个城中村占地规模，建设总量，开发强度的时空演化特征，探讨其空间形态演化模式和形成原因。发现城中村在一定程度上满足城市空间形态演化一般规律，但受历史渊源和体制限制又表现出特殊性：原始规模不具区位差异；发展初期以土地有限蔓延为主，空间形态开始表现区位差异；快速发展期开发强度呈现距离衰减趋势，靠近城市中心的城中村主要通过提高建筑层数扩大建设规模，城市边缘区城中村通过平面和立面共同扩张增加建设规模；发展成熟阶段的城中村启动以降低建筑密度为主的改造从而提升单位面积土地收益。研究成果可对城市空间结构演化模式进行补充，而且可为政府管理城中村制定措施提供建议——不能无视城中村作为一类城市空间形态的发展诉求和演化趋势，应结合城市产业发展和不同层次居民住房需要，引导城中村空间形态理性发展。

5. 仝德*,李贵才. 2010. 运用新制度经济学理论探讨城中村的发展与演变[J]. 城市发展研究. (10): 102-106.

摘要：城中村产生及发展的驱动机制深受国内外城市问题研究学者关注。运用新制度经济学理论，从产权界定保护及交易费用支付两个层面揭示城中村产生、发展、屡禁不止的原因，评价城中村存在的客观性和合理性，论证了政府制度安排及变迁对城中村演变的作用。最后，从建立明晰产权并全力执行的角度提出域中村管理及改善的建议。

4. TONG De*, FENG Changchun, LI Guicai, CHEN Peng. 2010. Categories and characteristics of urban villages by GIS-based analysis: A case study of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone[J]. Science China(Technological Sciences). 53: 150-157.

Abstract: Studies on the characteristics of urban villages have attracted much interest in urban geography. However, how to advance the development of further theoretical analysis and quantitative methodologies, especially in the era that GIS and digital-urban technologies develop rapidly and provide precious resources on spatial issues, has always been a heated debate and difficulty. In this paper, a mathematical model based on spatial analysis is introduced to deal with the categorization and characterization of urban villages. A total of 89 urban villages in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone(SEZ)are used in this case study. Using ArcGIS tools on buffer analysis, distance and density calculation, and socio-economic and spatial attributes conjunction,urban villages’31 spatial variables in 4 aspects—social, economic, locational, and physical—are extracted, and 6 principal factors are concluded by principal components analysis to indicate the spatial characteristic of urban villages. Based on the 6 principal factors, 6 types of urban villages, including rapidly sprawling, large, rapidly industrializing periphery, overcrowded, intensively mobile and economically backward, are divided through the Hierarchical Clustering method. Moreover, the spatial features and formation mechanisms of each type of urban villages are provided. Finally, the advantages and the shortcomings of the methodology for this specific application are also given. Furthermore, several guidelines on urban village management and renewal are provided based on the result of type classification. The outcome of the paper depends on the informational and technological support from the development of digital-city management, and is able to in turn provide basis on monitoring and improving urban villages which can further digital urban framework.

3. 于蕾, 仝德*, 邓金杰. 2010. 从区位商视角论证构建城镇群的意义——以珠三角、大珠三角和泛珠三角区域为例[J]. 城市发展研究. (01): 54-59.

摘要：随着全球化和区域经济一体化的迅速发展，通过构建城镇群等城市联盟增强区域整体实力已成为提升城市竞争力积极有效的手段。从20世纪90年代初起先后形成的珠三角、大珠三角和泛珠三角城镇群，就通过城市间的资源互补和优势扩散，带动了区域整体的跨越式发展。本文通过对上述不同层次下各城市及区域主要产业就业人口区位商的计算比较，得到以下结论：（1）不同层次的区域整合所形成的竞争优势在构成和强度上差异明显,有必要明确界定各层次城市群的范围与发展定位,制定切实有效的区域整合方案,克服区域间因制度障碍和恶性竞争带来的不利因素,从战略上调整产业发展格局及合作竞争机制,促进整个区域的协调发展。（2）随着土地、劳动力等资源的逐步紧缺,珠三角地区传统的劳动密集型制造业亟需转型升级,通过内向拓展发展空间保持地区尤其是小珠地区世界制造业基地的强大优势。（3）要充分发挥大珠尤其是香港在生产性服务领域巨大的国际竞争优势,强化粤港澳之间优势结合与产业发展,并在泛珠建立广泛的生产服务业网络,使区域合作朝着更广阔深入的方向发展。（4）有效利用泛珠其他省区在历史传统、文化积淀以及生活适宜性等方面的优势整合珠三角地区的生活性服务业,使生产性与生活性相辅相成,实现区域的可持续发展。

2. 仝德*, 冯长春. 2009. 国内外城中村研究进展及展望[J]. 人文地理. (06): 29-35.

摘要：从国内和国外两条线回顾城中村相关研究进展。在国内研究综述方面，分别从对城中村现象的认识，城中村形成机制，城中村改造及发展建议三个方面概括各阶段学术界对城中村问题的研究成果；而在国外研究综述方面，按照自助型居住区研究，城中村流动人口居住研究，及城中村土地利用研究三个主题进行文献综述。通过回顾现有研究成果，指出基于城市地理学理论的城中村研究，在理论支撑方面需建立明确和多样的理论体系，在研究内容方面应选择更深层次的议题，在研究方法方面应加强定量研究方法的应用。

1. 仝德*, 刘青. 2008. 我国中低收入家庭住房保障政策评价——以北京为例[J]. 中国房地产. (06): 61-63.

摘要：自20世纪90年代后期起，我国启动了以商品房，经济适用住房和廉租房为三大主体的住房供应体系，其中，向中低收入家庭提供经济适用住房成为我国中低收入家庭住房保障政策的主要内容。因此，可以通过分析经济适用住房政策制定和执行的效果，评估我国现行中低收入家庭住房政策的绩效。