同等学力英语每日练习:2017年1月12日
阅读理解:
At the Kyoto conference on globalwarming in December 1997,it became abundantly clear howcomplex it has become to work out international agreements relating to theenvironment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is nolonger enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions ofcertain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between theenvironment and development increasing bring us to the core of the economiclife of states. During the late 1980s we were able,throughinternational agreements,to make deep cuts in emissionsharmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible becausesubstitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and,more important,because the harmfulsubstances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and theeconomies of states.
Although the threat of globalwarming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leadersagree that we need to deal with the problem,we alsoknow that the effects of measures,especially harshmeasures taken in some countries,would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UNteam on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide wouldhave to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO,in the atmosphere,this path is not feasiblefor several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the worldeconomy. Important and populous(人口众多的)low-ormedium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitmentsabout their energy uses. In addition,the state of worldtechnology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.
We must,however,find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21stcentury. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and commonresponsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations,in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although manyliving in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmersummer,few would cheer the arrival of the subsequenttropical diseases,especially where there had been none.
1. The main purpose of this passageis to .
A. analyze the problem of globalwarming
B. argue against making deep cutsin emissions
C. convince people that globalwarming is a real threat
D. criticize some countries forrefusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer
2. The reason why it is difficultto get rid of the threat of global warming is that .
A. not all the countries arewilling to make deep cuts in emissions
B. many people welcome theglobal-warming effect of a warmer summer
C. the leaders of many countriesare not fully aware of the gravity of the problem
D. world technology is not able tosolve the problem
3. In the passage the authorimplies that .
A. the world has recently becomeaware of the threat of global warming
B. the problem of global warminghas largely been solved
C. it is always difficult to workout international agreements to cut down emission harmful to the ozone layer
D. it is no longer easy to reachinternational agreements relating to the environment
4. According to the author,it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissionsglobally because .
A. some people are irresponsible
B. it would cause a collapse of theworld economy
C. it is only a goal to be reachedin the future
D. some people are lacking inimagination
5. What should all countries do to helpsolve the problem of global warming?
A. They should hold another worldconference on climate change.
B. They should provide advancedtechnology.
C. They should replace all theharmful substances.
D. They should willingly undertakelegal commitments about their energy uses.
【答案解析】:
1997年12月在东京召开了关于全球变暖的会议,很明显:制定与环境有关的国际协议已经变得相当复杂,是因为各个国家独特的经济因素。试图禁止某些活动或削减某些物质排放的做法已经远远不够了。环境与发展相互联合的全球性挑战逐渐把我们带到国家经济生活的核心上来。20世纪80年代末,我们可以通过国际协议大幅度削减有害物质向臭氧层的排放。我们之所以能够削减,是因为许多可以替代有害化学物的东西已经被发现,更重要的是,有害物质可以被代替而且不会给各国的就业和经济带来负作用。
尽管人们知道全球变暖的威胁已有几十年,而且所有的国家和领导人都赞同我们需要处理这个问题,但是,我们也知道,如果其他国家不控制他们的有害物质排放,采取的措施,尤其是一些国家采取的紧急措施将会被抵消。虽然联合国气候变化小组发现:为了稳定大气一氧化碳的含量,全球二氧化碳的排放量必须减少60%,但是,由于一些原因显示这种做法不切实际。这样大幅度地削减将引起世界经济的崩溃。那些重要的、人口众多的中低收入的国家不愿意对自己的能源消耗承担法律义务。另外,世界技术水平还不允许我们做如此大的改进。
当然,我们必须在21世纪早期找到对付全球变暖威胁的解决方案。这样的义务要求人们达成一定程度的共识,承担共同的新责任。成功取决于想象力,取决于“如果我们不这样做会发生什么”。尽管生活在寒带的许多人会欢迎由于全球变暖导致的更温暖的夏天,但是,很少有人会喜欢随之而来的热带疾病,尤其是那些从未有过这些疾病的地区的人们。
1. 【正确答案】A 【考点类型】主旨判断 【解析过程】文章的主要目的是 。
A. 分析全球变暖的问题
B. 反对大幅度减少释放物
C. 使人们相信全球变暖确实是一个威胁
D. 批评一些国家拒绝减少危害臭氧层的释放物
线索1:文章的第1段提到“At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997.”
线索2:文章的第3段提到“We must,however,finda solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.”表明选项A应该是正确答案。
【考点提示】本文是一篇问题解决型的文章,文章的结构是提出问题,分析问题产生的原因,给出解决问题的办法,对办法进行评价。本文提出的问题是“全球变暖”,之后提出了解决办法,但因为经济的原因,解决方法并没有得到彻底的贯彻,对此作者作了详细的分析。所以,本文的主题应该是分析全球变暖问题。
2. 【正确答案】A 【考点类型】细节判断 【解析过程】摆脱全球变暖威胁很困难的原因是 。
A. 并不是所有的国家都愿意大量减少释放物
B. 许多人欢迎一个更热夏天的全球变暖影响
C. 许多国家的领导者并不完全明白这个问题的严重性
D. 全世界的科技不能够解决这个问题
线索:文章的第2段提到“Importantand populous(人口众多的)low-or medium- income countries arenot yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”表明选项A是正确答案。
B选项在原文的第3段提到“Although many living in cold regions would welcome theglobal-warming effect of a warmer summe...”原文的寒冷区域在选项中没有出现,所以该选项不正确,犯了扩大范围的错误。
C选项和原文的内容相反“Althoughthe threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and allcountries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem.”
D选项和原文的内容不符合“In addition,the state of world technologywould not yet permit us to make such a big leap.”并没有说技术不能解决该问题。
【考点提示】根据常识判断有的时候比较容易判断出选项的对与错。比如该题的选项A是比较容易选中的,内容上比较概括,语气比较婉转,和文章的中心非常贴近,这些都是正确选项的典型特征。选项B从常识的判断就不太可能是正确的答案。不太可能许多人欢迎全球变暖的事实,这和文章的中心是截然相反。
3. 【正确答案】D 【考点类型】文章推断 【解析过程】文章的作者暗示。
A. 全世界最近意识到了全球变暖的威胁
B. 全球变暖的问题在很大程度上已经被解决
C. 总是很难能够在减少危害臭氧层释放物的世界公约上达成一致
D. 再也不容易达成和环境有关的世界公约
线索:文章的第1段的前几句话明确地表达了作者的观点,现在达成和保护环境有关的世界公约非常不容易。第1段的后半部分表达了在20世纪80年代,这种协议和措施是比较容易贯彻的,所以选项D是正确答案。选项C的“总是”太绝对化了,所以不正确。选项A和原文第2段的第1句话不符合,全世界数十年前就已经认识到了这个问题。选项B显然和原文的内容相反。
【考点提示】推断题是一种常考的题型。标志:learn,infer,imply,inform.
(1) 看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位,我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
(2) 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理,若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样,则该选项可能是正确答案。推理题不是考查我们的想象力,它实际是考查我们对原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题是否读透。因此,不推的比推的好;推得近的比推得远的要好。
4. 【正确答案】B 【考点类型】因果关系 【解析过程】根据作者表达,目前不可能在全球范围减少60%的二氧化碳释放物,因为 。
A. 一些人不负责任
B. 这些导致经济崩溃
C. 仅是未来要达到的一个目标
D. 一些人缺乏想象力
线索:文章的第2段提到“Suchdeep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.”表明是因为经济原因,所以选项B是正确答案。
5. 【正确答案】D 【考点类型】细节判断 【解析过程】所有国家应该做些什么以帮助解决全球变暖的问题?
A. 他们应该再召开一届全球气候变化会议。
B. 他们应该提供高科技。
C. 他们应该替代所有的有害物质。
D. 他们应该承担对于他们能源使用的法律承诺。