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Environmental Impact Assessment Review，July 2026
Han Wang，Jiayi Fu，Hao Huang，Junmao Zhang，Xi Tan，Honggang Ni，Jiansheng Wu
Abstract:Ground-level ozone (O3) poses escalating public health risks in megacities, yet fine-scale burden quantification remains challenging. Using real-time monitoring data from China's National Environmental Monitoring Network (2017–2021), this study establishes city-scale exposure-response relationships through meta-analytic synthesis and BenMAP-CE modeling to quantify the health burdens of ground-level ozone exposure for Shenzhen. Our findings reveal a fluctuating downward trend in O3 concentrations, peaking in 2019 with marked seasonal and interannual variability. A distinct disease-risk hierarchy emerged: cardiovascular mortality showed the highest association (RR = 1.0092), followed by respiratory mortality (RR = 1.0061) and all-cause non-accidental mortality (RR = 1.0046). Spatially, health burdens were disproportionately concentrated in western industrial zones, revealing a clear vulnerability gradient in Shenzhen. By mapping city-scale exposure-response relationships, this research provides critical evidence that static, city-wide averages ozone concentration fails to capture the true risk landscape. Effective ozone governance must prioritize emission hotspots and address seasonal peaks. Future work should integrate microenvironmental exposure assessment, toxicological mechanisms, and demographic stratification to advance spatially-precise ozone governance in megacities.
Applied Geography，May 2026
Tian Hu，Jiansheng Wu，Yingxiang Sun
Abstract:Urban waterlogging is increasingly recognized as a systemic risk rooted in the degradation of urban environmental systems. While existing research has predominantly focused on inundation probability and depth, the systemic vulnerability and spatial patterns underlying waterlogging dynamics remain poorly understood. Taking Shenzhen as a case, this research develops a three-tiered spatial framework that links historical inundation spots to slow-changing biophysical processes. The waterlogging-prone areas and spatial continuums are further delineated to explore the spatial-demographic exposure patterns. Results show that portions of the urban environmental system are undergoing unsustainable processes, evidenced by significant decline in key biophysical variables. These variables exhibit threshold-governed behavior, declining sharply within approximately 1.4 km radius of inundation points before stabilizing asymptotically farther away. Within the delineated waterlogging-prone areas, 67 high-risk spatial continuums were mapped. Although these continuums contain 20-21 % of the total population, they experienced a disproportionate 65.9 % surge in population density between 2006 and 2016. The findings indicate that the urban environmental system has entered a vulnerable, waterlogging-prone state in certain regions. Given the spatial overlap of high-risk waterlogging with dense population clusters, targeted adaptation strategies and regulatory interventions are urgently needed.
Land Degradation & Development，March 2026
Zhenyu Wang，Yuhao Gong，Ruohan Wang，Keyu Luo，Miaomiao Xie，Jiansheng Wu
Abstract:The Dongting Lake Basin, a critical wetland ecosystem in the middle Yangtze River, has experienced pronounced changes in ecosystem service (ES) provision and consumption under the combined stresses of rapid urbanization and hydrological shifts. However, the understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of supply–demand-based ecosystem service bundles in river–lake connected systems remains insufficient. Selecting the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 as temporal benchmarks, this study constructed a supply–demand indicator system for six ESs—water yield (WY), soil retention (SR), habitat quality (HQ), urban cooling (UC), carbon sequestration (CS), and flood regulation (FR)—to reveal their spatiotemporal dynamics. We uncover a fundamental spatial mismatch: high-value supply zones are concentrated in peripheral ecological lands, while intensifying demand is radially clustered in expanding urban agglomerations. Average WY increased from 554.6 mm in 2000 to 780.4 mm in 2020. Mean SR supply in high-value zones rises from 177.67 to 233.49 t/ha. In contrast, average CS declined from 555.75 to 490.06 gC/m2, while UC and FR also exhibited decreasing trends. On the demand side, urbanization drove a marked expansion of high-demand zones. WY and CS demands were highly clustered in urban agglomerations, with mean CS demand increasing from 9.08 × 104 t to 26.78 × 104 t. UC and HQ demands first rose and then declined, with high-demand areas expanding centrifugally along with construction land. Through Self-Organizing Map (SOM) model, we identified five ES bundles: low-intensity composite, urbanization-dominated, wetland-buffer, ecological protection-prioritized, and agricultural production-oriented types. The XGBoost-SHAP interpretable model further revealed that nighttime light intensity, land-use structure, NDVI, and climatic factors have bundle-specific influences, underscoring the joint forcing of natural settings and human activities in shaping ES spatial patterns. This study provides spatially-explicit and quantitative evidence and policy insights for balancing ES supply and demand advancing fine-scale land-space governance in the Dongting Lake Basin.
IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking, 2026.
Jingjing Wang，Jiachi Yan，Ziwei Yan，Rou Wen，Jiansheng Wu，Yakun Ren，Tanren Liu，Xianneng Zou，Kai Lei
Abstract:Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising solution for urban logistics due to their flexibility, cost-efficiency, and rapid responsiveness. However, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of large-scale parcel orders, combined with the neglect of critical post-delivery steps such as UAV hovering, returning, and recipient confirmation, poses major challenges to coordinated task scheduling and hinder system scalability. To address these challenges, we propose GraC2Allocator, a comprehensive two-phase framework for UAV-assisted last-mile urban logistics network. It covers the full service chain from the city-level transit center, through courier stations, to parcel recipients. In Phase 1, Parcel-to-Station Allocation is formulated as a hypergraph k -cut problem and optimized via a reinforcement learning (RL) strategy enhanced by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and the multi-head attention mechanism, thereby minimizing inter-group cutting cost and enhancing the spatio-temporal coherence of parcel clusters. In Phase 2, Parcel-to-UAV Allocation is modeled as a pruning theory based dynamic graph coloring problem: 1) Edge reconfiguration guarantees an inter-task conflict-free scheduling result; 2) Lightweight recoloring achieves a near-100% task execution rate (TER), approaches the theoretical lower bound on the number of required UAVs (i.e., the smallest chromatic number), and reduces computation complexity. Extensive evaluations based on real-world logistics data from Hangzhou City demonstrate that the proposed GraC2Allocator framework achieves up to about 130% improvement in delivery efficiency, 60% reduction in UAV deployment, and 70% reduction in end-to-end transmission delay compared with baselines, thereby enabling highly efficient, scalable, and full-life-cycle on-demand delivery in dense urban environments.
Environment, Development and Sustainability，February 2026
Jiansheng Wu， Zheng Zhang，Yun Qian，Han Wang，Xiwen Zhang
Abstract:Abstract: Urban agglomerations are areas where carbon emissions are concentrated and are crucial players in achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutrality. However, research on the carbon emission correlations and carbon reduction actions of large-scale urban agglomerations is still limited. Based on the relevant data of 19 urban agglomerations in China, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon emissions from 2000 to 2019 and identifies the stage they are in during the carbon peak process with the Tapio decoupling model. Moreover, a carbon emission network is constructed, and corresponding policies from the perspective of coordinated emission reduction are sequentially put forward. The results show that: (1) The carbon emissions have obvious phased characteristics, which are basically consistent with the timeline of the five-year plan in China from 2000 to 2019. (2) The long-term total carbon emissions have not been decoupled from economic growth, and the decoupling states have evolved from expansive negative to diverse decoupling, followed by weak decoupling and no decoupling. (3) The correlation of carbon emission networks has significantly improved, and the characteristics of carbon correlation emissions within urban agglomerations are different. In addition, according to the network characteristics, urban agglomerations can be classified into two types: the center-edge type (such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, the Harbin - Changchun Urban Agglomeration, and the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration) and the multi-growth type (such as the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration and the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration). These findings can provide scientific references to formulate targeted strategies for coordinated carbon emission reduction in urban agglomerations.
npj Clean Water，February 2026
Tengwen Wang， Jiayao Shu，Maurice Mugabowindekwe，Yifan Lin，Danfei Zhong，Jiansheng Wu， Gaspard Rwanyiziri & Jian Peng
Abstract:Water, food, and ecology are closely interconnected and are essential for regional development and human well-being, forming the water-food-ecology (WFE) nexus. However, knowledge about progress towards sustainable development of the WFE nexus at the basin scale remains largely unavailable. This study constructed an evaluation system to assess the WFE nexus in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The spatio-temporal dynamics of WFE nexus coupling coordination were revealed using coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Then, the random forest algorithm was employed to identify key factors dominating the evolutionary patterns of CCD. The results showed that the water subsystem index decreased 4.55%, accompanied by growing spatial imbalance. In contrast, the food and ecology subsystem indices increased 45.45% and 33.33%, respectively, with reduced spatial imbalance. Besides, the mean coupling coordination level of WFE nexus improved from intermediate discoordination (CCD = 0.36) to basic coordination (CCD = 0.405), while the proportion of area reaching coordination increased from 36.34% to 51.66%. A cluster of high coupling coordination was maintained in the relatively more developed northeastern sub-basins of the LVB. In addition, social influencing factors dominated CCD across the basin, with agricultural water use efficiency and land-use intensity consistently ranking higher in importance than climate and vegetation variables, highlighting the closer association between human activities and WFE nexus coupling coordination. This study provided a feasible evaluation framework and improved understanding of the WFE nexus in great lake basins.
129.Cropland abandonment under the socio-economic changes on the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020
Environmenta and Sustainabiity Indicators, December 2025
Chang Ge, Yuwei Wu, Han Wang, Guanglei Li, Ran Zhou, Jiangsheng Wu
Land Degradation & Development，August 2025
Danfei Zhong，Jian Peng，Dongmei Xu，Hui Tang，Hong Jiang，Tao Hu，Yanmin Yang ，Jiansheng Wu
Abstract:During the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, the rapid emergence of the post-mining era has enhanced the urgency of ecological restoration in mining areas, making it a critical global priority. Ecological security pattern (ESP), a cost-effective approach for ecological restoration, has seen limited comparative studies on multi-scenario ecological restoration strategies across its optimization. To fill this gap, Datong, a typical mineral resource-intensive city in China, was selected as the study area for conducting multi-scenario ecological restoration simulations. Based on ESP construction and optimization, we adopted four scenarios: large-area, high-density, near-source, and near-corridor priority scenarios for restoring the mining areas, and compared the restoration effects by examining landscape components, ecosystem services, and landscape connectivity to identify the most cost-effective strategy. The results demonstrated that the ESP consisted of 43 ecological sources and 41 ecological corridors, with a total area of 4,663.04 km2 in total, accounting for 33.09% of the study area. Notably, 44.25% of the mining areas existed within the ESP 100 m buffer zone, posing a serious threat to regional ecological security. Among these scenarios, the near-source priority scenario was the optimal restoration scenario, demonstrating superior results in decreasing ESP fragmentation (15.29%), enhancing ecosystem services (232.40%), and improving landscape connectivity (79.22%). This study presents a multi-scenario ESP optimization approach for ecological restoration in mining areas, which supports the assurance of ecological security and sustainable development in mineral resource-intensive cities.
127.Polarization of dryland vegetation response to spring flood
Jornal of Environment Management, August 2025
Shouguo Zhang, Han Wang, Xiwen Zhang, Guanglei Li, Ling Zhang, Chang Ge, Jiabin Wang, Jiansheng Wu, Jian Peng
Abstract:Dryland vegetation plays a pivotal role in the global ecosystem and is extraordinarily sensitive to water pulses, yet it is experiencing increasingly severe flooding. Floods have both significant beneficial and detrimental effects that may trigger extreme positive or negative responses in dryland vegetation compared to non-flooded areas, a phenomenon we call polarization, which threatens the stability of ecosystems. However, the characters and drivers of the polarized responses of dryland vegetation to spring floods remain unclear. Taking Central Asia—a typical and important dryland region—as a case, this study developed a Vegetation Response Index (VRI) and a threshold-based Polarization Index (PI) based on satellite remote sensing, and then integrated interpretable machine learning to investigate the drivers of vegetation polarization responses. The results indicate that vegetation in flood-affected areas exhibited much stronger positive and negative VRI compared to non-flooded areas, with an average of 28.6 % (positive) and 25.8 % (negative) of the pixels exceeding the polarization threshold. This polarization phenomenon was validated using two different vegetation indices (EVI and LAI) based on polarization magnitude, event occurrence rate, and consistency, all providing strong evidence for the polarized growth patterns of dryland vegetation after spring floods. The influencing factors have high interpretability for both positive and negative polarization (88.8 % and 90.2 % accuracy), with climatic factors being the determinant of whether polarization occurs. The key factors present three patterns of effect on polarization: intersection, threshold and range. These patterns characterize the environmental and climate conditions most likely to lead to polarization, explaining why some plants were able to adapt to flooding while others are succumbed. This study identifies and analyzes the polarized response of dryland vegetation to floods, providing vital insights for predicting and managing ecosystem vulnerability amidst increasing flood events.
126.Revealing future changes in China’s forest fire under climate change
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology， August 2025
Guanglei Li, Jiaying Hai, Jiazheng Qiu, Danni Zhang, Chang Ge, Hongliang Wang, Jiansheng Wu
Abstract: Forest fires, driven by global change, have become an increasingly severe concern for the future. To mitigate this uncertainty, understanding the projected response patterns of forest fires under climate change can provide valuable insights, especially in regions like China, where forest fires are prone to occur and highly sensitive to climate variations. This study used the Random Forest algorithm to develop predictive models for occurrence probability, intensity levels, and burned area of forest fires in China. These models were applied to future climate simulations under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, providing predictions for the mid-term (2041–2060) and long-term (2081–2100) periods with a comparative analysis against the baseline period (2001–2020) to assess relative changes. Results show that, by the end of the century, 60 % to 70 % of forested areas in China are projected to face increased fire risk, with the average percentage increase not exceeding 20 %, and most low-risk areas remaining at low risk. Nevertheless, the transition to moderate or high fire risk is particularly significant in the long term under SSP5–8.5, with hotspots such as the Greater Khingan Mountains, central and southeastern hilly regions, and the gorges of the western Yunnan Plateau. While fire intensity in most fire-prone areas is projected to remain at medium-to-low levels, localized intensification is possible in southwestern China. The increase in burned areas is projected to be widespread, covering 63 % to 64 % of fire-prone areas, with the greatest growth occurring in the mid-term and under SSP5–8.5. Compared to the southern regions, northeastern China shows a smaller proportion of areas experiencing increased burned areas but a larger total increase, indicating more concentrated fires in specific areas. These findings reveal the distinct future trajectories of different forest fire characteristics with regional variability in China, offering critical information for their comprehensive consideration and integration into forward-looking, scientifically robust national fire prevention planning.
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators，June 2025
Ling Zhang，Qingxu Huang，Yanxu Liu，Delin Fang，Xue-chao Wang ，Chang Gao，Xiaoyu Duan，Jiansheng Wu
Abstract:Understanding the spatiotemporal carbon inequality in China is crucial for guiding ecological strategies and energy utilization across regions. However, there are still few studies simultaneously investigating economic and ecological inequalities of urban carbon emissions in China. Here, employing a multi-regional input-output model, trade-related terms, and the Gini coefficient, we quantified the changes in inequality in economic benefits and ecological endowment of urban carbon emissions in China from 2012 to 2017. We found that: (1) Economic inequality of carbon emissions has increased in China. Specifically, cities in the bottom 20% of the total value added accounted for 39% of the total CO2 emissions in 2012, which increased to 44% in 2017. (2) Substantial ecological inequality in carbon emissions persisted, as regions with a 20% share of EcoNPP (net primary productivity that remains in ecosystems, a measure of carbon sequestration capacity) accounted for 91% of CO2 emissions. This study provides a novel dual perspective on carbon inequality by integrating economic benefits and ecological endowments at the urban scale, and the observed inequality underscores the significant challenges many Chinese cities face in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 8.2 (promoting economic growth and efficient employment) and SDG 12.2 (achieving sustainable management and resource use), which are essential to the achievement of carbon neutrality.
Journal of Environmental Management，March 2025
Jiazheng Qiu; Zetan Ju; Han Wang; Jiansheng Wu
Abstract: Carbon neutrality has emerged as a global consensus in response to climate change, and land use/land cover (LULC) optimization is considered a crucial strategy for achieving this goal. In this context, China has proposed a dual carbon strategy of peaking emissions by 2030 and achieving neutrality by 2060, which provides a policy framework for LULC optimization. However, existing studies on dual carbon goal-oriented LULC optimization often overlook potential ecological risks while emphasizing benefits and fail to fully explore the possible "double-edged sword effect" of LULC optimization. To address this gap, a multi-scenario, multi-objective integrated LULC optimization model was developed in this study, considering both 2030 carbon peaking and 2060 carbon neutrality. Landscape ecological risk (LER) was introduced as an additional evaluation dimension. Furthermore, an integrated three-dimensional (LER, carbon emissions, and carbon storage) evaluation system was established to identify key areas in Shanxi Province to achieve dual carbon goals. The results show that, compared to the natural development (ND) scenario, the optimized scenarios better balance economic and ecological value, reduce carbon emissions, and increase carbon storage, with the carbon neutrality (CN) scenario performing the best. However, LULC optimization also leads to an increase in the LER, particularly in the CN scenario. Furthermore, through the three-dimensional evaluation system, positive and negative areas for achieving the dual carbon goals in Shanxi Province were identified, including the discovery of a "Negative Belt" in the region. The findings emphasize the necessity of integrating policy considerations in the design of multi-objective and multi-scenario frameworks for LULC optimization research and highlight the importance of considering the unique perspective of LER.
Science of The Total Environment，December 2024
Guanglei Li, Han Wang，Shouguo Zhang，Chang Ge，Wu Jiansheng
Abstract: Climate and landscape structure are widely recognized as the primary drivers of soil erosion; however, the spatiotemporal variability of their effects remains insufficiently understood, limiting our comprehension of the dynamic processes of soil erosion. To address this gap, this study analyzed soil erosion trends on the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2018. extreme Gradient Boosting was used to identify key climatic and landscape structural factors, while a geographically and temporally weighted regression model was applied to assess the spatiotemporal variability of these influences. The results indicate a decreasing trend in soil erosion from 2000 to 2008, followed by a sharp increase from 2008 to 2018. Grassland edge density emerged as the most important factor, followed closely by grassland percentage and annual precipitation. Temporally, the positive effect of annual precipitation has been intensifying since 2010, contributing to increased erosion, while landscape structural factors progressively enhanced their hydrological regulatory roles, reflecting dynamic interactions with climate. Spatially, the direction of climatic influences remained generally stable, consistently promoting erosion, although by 2018, the effects of average annual temperature and annual sunshine duration reversed to suppress erosion in specific areas. In contrast, landscape structural influences exhibited greater spatial variability, often fluctuating or reversing depending on topography, human activity, and land use. This variability applied specifically and differentially to each metric of fragmentation and diversity, highlighting the critical importance of trade-offs in landscape management. The findings emphasize the complexity and dynamics of soil erosion in response to climate and landscape structure, suggesting implications for the development of spatially targeted soil erosion control strategies that accommodate the phases of temporal variation.
Applied Geography, September 2024
Dongmei Xu, Jian Peng, Hong Jiang, Jianquan Dong, Menglin Liu, Yiyun Chen, Jiansheng Wu, Jeroen Meersmans
Abstract: Enhancing the connectivity of watershed ecological security patterns (ESPs) is increasingly emphasized for preserving ecological processes. Yet the importance of small-scale conservation and restoration was ignored and few studies have quantitatively compared the contribution of barriers restoration and stepping stones establishment to landscape connectivity. In this study, taking Dongting Lake Basin as an example, a watershed ESP was constructed based on the minimum cumulative resistance model and optimized through graded barriers restoration and different stepping stones establishment. Then the enhancement effects of landscape connectivity were compared to identify the most cost-effective optimization scheme. The results showed that the average of six schemes only protected and repaired less than 1% of the total area, which could enhance corridor connectivity by about 12% and 16% for average corridor length and corridor cumulative resistance respectively. For the optimal ESP, establishing natural patches near the midpoint of longer corridors as stepping stones, increased the probability of connectivity by 21.05%, and reduced the average corridor length and corridor cumulative resistance of corridor connectivity by 17.99% and 15.48% respectively. It also increased network circuitry index of network connectivity from 0.541 to 0.570, compared with the original ESP, indicating the possibility of successful ecological flow increased effectively. It can be concluded that the connectivity enhancement of stepping stones approach was better than barriers restoration approach. This study highlights the importance of small-scale barriers restoration and stepping stones establishment in enhancing landscape connectivity.
121.Unleashing Hidden Carbon Sequestration Potential: A Case Study of the Greater Bay Area, China
Urban Climate，July 2024
Keyu Luo, Zhenyu Wang, Weifeng Li, Jiansheng Wu
Abstract: Improving carbon sequestration through optimal land management is a vital nature-based strategy due to low cost and easy popularization. However, the potential carbon sequestration gains (PCSG) resulting from land management are not well understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the PCGS in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. The actual and potential net primary production (PNPP) based on remote sensing and the Miami model from 2001 to 2020 was used to estimate carbon sequestration. The study utilized the landscape character unit to separate the environmental factors and land management differences, and focal statistics to estimate PCSG by comparing local PNPP with target NPP under optimal land management. The correlations between PCSG and accumulated area, carbon sequestration, and population density were analyzed. The results found that the PCSG flux is higher in suburban areas compared to urban and peripheral ecological areas, as well as higher in human landscapes than in natural landscapes. The PCSG was estimated to increase carbon sequestration by 35%. Optimal land management should be prioritized in 26.76% of the area to achieve half of the PCSG goal. This study revealed the importance of land management on carbon sequestration towards climate adaptation and carbon neutrality.
Journal of Environmental Management，May 2024
Han Wang, Danni Zhang, Xiwen Zhang, Chang Gao, Zhenyu Wang, Jiansheng Wu
Abstract: With the extensive industrialization and urbanization taking place in China during the recent decades, land use throughout the country has experienced profound changes influenced not only by the demand for population growth and living standard improvement but also by the constraints of series of land use policies. However, whether the conflict between the expansion of settlement land (SL) and the loss of cultivated land (CL) have been resolved at the national scale or transferred between the local regions remains unclear. Based on yearly ESA CCI land use and land cover products from 1992 to 2020, the long-term trends of quantity and spatial pattern of SL expansion and CL change in China from national and local views were investigated using trend statistic methods, and finally a comprehensive zoning framework was proposed to recognize the trade-off and synergies relationships between SL expansion and CL change. There are a continuous expansion of SL with global linear trends showing three breakpoints in 2000, 2005, and 2012, and a fluctuation decline of CL presented with four breakpoints in 1997, 2002, 2006, and 2013. Aggregation and dispersion tendencies with linear characteristics of SL expansion and CL change were found with breakpoints in 2001, 2008, 2012, and 2016 and breakpoints in 2001 and 2010, respectively. A spotty spatial pattern of SL was shown spatially coincident with urban agglomerations in China while the planar continuous characteristic was found for CL. Local counties were classified into five tradeoff and synergies zones (TSZs), where general synergies (G-S) and decoupling (D) of SL expansion and CL change were rare cases and the different change in quantity and trend of SL expansion and CL change in local counties was concealed by the national trend. A few scattered counties were belonging to G-S and D TSZs, while most of the counties in the central-east and western China were in General-Tradeoff (G-T) and Superior-Tradeoff (S-T) TSZs. Counties in south and north China with higher percentages of CL were more prevalent in Superior-Synergy (S–S) TSZ. Our findings explicated the complex relationships between SL expansion and CL change of China at the national scale and in local counties, which pointed out the differences of unified land use management activities across scales and could provide insights for future policy-making and management measures of land use to both ensure the national food security and promote regional sustainable development more synchronously.
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